Effects of Tsetse DNA Virus Infection on the Survival of a Host Fly,Glossina morsitans centralis(Diptera; Glossinidae)

Sang, Rosemary; Jura, Walter G. Z. O.; Otieno, L. H.; Tukei, P.M.; Mwangi, R. W.

doi:10.1006/jipa.1996.4629

Cited by 26 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…It is also possible that the virus could affect the endocrine system, leading to impaired development of the reproductive system. Detrimental effects of this virus infection on the feeding process and the digestive system of the fly has been demonstrated in previous studies [16]. Those effects are bound to interfere with acquisition of the blood meal, digestion, and absorption of nutrients, which would subsequently affect the nutritional status of the fly and arrest further development of the gland and/or stop the synthesis of the gland secretion.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effects of a Tsetse DNA Virus Infection on the Functions of the Male Accessory Reproductive Gland in the Host Fly Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera; Glossinidae)

et al. 1999

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Freshly deposited third instar Glossina morsitans centralis larvae were infected with the tsetse DNA virus by microinjection, and at emergence adult males were separated from the females and fed on rabbit blood every second day for 8 days. A control group treated with sterile saline were handled similarly. They were dissected, and comparative observations made on the appearance and size of the accessory reproductive glands (ARG) in infected and control males. Regularly fed 8-day-old males from infected and control groups were mated to 2-day-old normal females obtained from the insectay. After separation from copula, the females were dissected and the uteri examined for the presence and quality of the spermatophore. The spermathecae were also examined for insemination. ARG tissues from the control and virus infected regularly fed 8-day-old male flies were fixed and processed for electron microscopic studies. The ARGs from control flies were found to be milky in appearance, whereas those from virus-infected flies were transparent in most parts. The ARGs from virus-infected males were significantly smaller in diameters (F = 42.26, p < 0.0001) and shorter (F = 200.4, p < 0. 0001) than those of the controls. Most of the virus-infected males failed to form a complete spermatophore, whereas almost all the controls formed complete spermatophore as observed in the uteri of the female mates (Chi2 = 111.661, p < 0.0001). The infected males that formed partial spermatophores and those that did not form any at all failed to inseminate their female mates. Histological studies of the ARGs revealed some lesions in the epithelial cells characterized by degeneration of cytoplasmic organelles and detachment of the muscle layer from the basal plasma membrane. However, no virus particles were observed in the affected cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have demonstrated the effects of the virus infection on the feeding and the digestive system in infected flies [16]. It is suggested that these effects may influence the nutritional status of the infected fly and, hence, the ability to accumulate sufficient ARG secretion.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Effects of a Tsetse DNA Virus Infection on the Functions of the Male Accessory Reproductive Gland in the Host Fly Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera; Glossinidae)

et al. 1999

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“…Jaenson (1978) was the first to identify a nuclear rod-shaped enveloped DNA virus averaging 70 × 640 nm in size as the causative agent and named as the Salivary Gland Hypertrophic Virus (SGHV). This virus was also associated with testicular degeneration and ovarian abnormalities (Jura et al, 1988; Kokwaro et al, 1990; Sang et al, 1999; Sang et al, 1998) and affected the development, survival, fertility and fecundity of naturally (Feldmann et al, 1992) or experimentally (Jura et al, 1993; Sang et al, 1997) infected flies. In tsetse populations in nature, mother-to-offspring transmission, either trans-ovum or through infected milk glands, is thought to be the most likely mode of transmission of the SGHV (Jura et al, 1989; Sang et al, 1998, 1996).…”

Section: Harnessing and Controlling Pathogens For Pest And Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Tsetse-Wolbachia symbiosis: Comes of age and has great potential for pest and disease control

Doudoumis

Alam

Aksoy

et al. 2013

Journal of Invertebrate Pathology

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Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae) are the sole vectors of African trypanosomes, the causative agent of sleeping sickness in human and nagana in animals. Like most eukaryotic organisms, Glossina species have established symbiotic associations with bacteria. Three main symbiotic bacteria have been found in tsetse flies: Wigglesworthia glossinidia, an obligate symbiotic bacterium, the secondary endosymbiont Sodalis glossinidius and the reproductive symbiont Wolbachia pipientis. In the present review, we discuss recent studies on the detection and characterization of Wolbachia infections in Glossina species, the horizontal transfer of Wolbachia genes to tsetse chromosomes, the ability of this symbiont to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility in Glossina morsitans morsitans and also how new environment-friendly tools for disease control could be developed by harnessing Wolbachia symbiosis.

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“…This infection can quickly spread in laboratory colonies, driven by horizontal transmission through artificial feeding systems, which can harbor concentrated viral numbers in the blood that would otherwise quickly disseminate within a vertebrate host (87). Viral infection is associated with testicular degeneration and ovarian abnormalities (89)(90)(91), which can lead to decreased tsetse fertility and longevity (92,93). This is just one example of how parasitic associations may impact the tsetse host and influence evolutionary adaptations by the bacterial symbionts.…”

Section: Impact Of Additional Microbes On Holobiont Successmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interwoven Biology of the Tsetse Holobiont

Snyder

Rio

2013

J Bacteriol

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Microbial symbionts can be instrumental to the evolutionary success of their hosts. Here, we discuss medically significant tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae), a group comprised of over 30 species, and their use as a valuable model system to study the evolution of the holobiont (i.e., the host and associated microbes). We first describe the tsetse microbiota, which, despite its simplicity, harbors a diverse range of associations. The maternally transmitted microbes consistently include two Gammaproteobacteria, the obligate mutualists Wigglesworthia spp. and the commensal Sodalis glossinidius, along with the parasitic Alphaproteobacteria Wolbachia. These associations differ in their establishment times, making them unique and distinct from previously characterized symbioses, where multiple microbial partners have associated with their host for a significant portion of its evolution. We then expand into discussing the functional roles and intracommunity dynamics within this holobiont, which enhances our understanding of tsetse biology to encompass the vital functions and interactions of the microbial community. Potential disturbances influencing the tsetse microbiome, including salivary gland hypertrophy virus and trypanosome infections, are highlighted. While previous studies have described evolutionary consequences of host association for symbionts, the initial steps facilitating their incorporation into a holobiont and integration of partner biology have only begun to be explored. Research on the tsetse holobiont will contribute to the understanding of how microbial metabolic integration and interdependency initially may develop within hosts, elucidating mechanisms driving adaptations leading to cooperation and coresidence within the microbial community. Lastly, increased knowledge of the tsetse holobiont may also contribute to generating novel African trypanosomiasis disease control strategies.

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Effects of Tsetse DNA Virus Infection on the Survival of a Host Fly,Glossina morsitans centralis(Diptera; Glossinidae)

Cited by 26 publications

References 13 publications

The Effects of a Tsetse DNA Virus Infection on the Functions of the Male Accessory Reproductive Gland in the Host Fly Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera; Glossinidae)

The Effects of a Tsetse DNA Virus Infection on the Functions of the Male Accessory Reproductive Gland in the Host Fly Glossina morsitans centralis (Diptera; Glossinidae)

Tsetse-Wolbachia symbiosis: Comes of age and has great potential for pest and disease control

Interwoven Biology of the Tsetse Holobiont

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