Effects of turmeric (Curcuma longa) on the expression of hepatic genes associated with biotransformation, antioxidant, and immune systems in broiler chicks fed aflatoxin

Yarru, L. P.; Settivari, Raja S.; Gowda, N. K. S.; Antoniou, Eric; Ledoux, D. R.; Rottinghaus, George E.

doi:10.3382/ps.2009-00204

Cited by 208 publications

(173 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…It seems likely that mycotoxins can also decrease SOD activity in various chicken tissues. In particular, DON decreased SOD activity in embryo fibroblast DF-1 cells [161] and AFB1 feed contamination was associated with decreased SOD in the chicken liver [162][163] and erythrocytes [164]. However, the activities of SOD, GST and non-protein thiol levels in the chicken liver were not altered by the FB1-containing (100 mg/kg) diet fed for 21 days [165].…”

Section: Toxicological Stressesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Surai¹

2016

J Anim Res Nutr

168

135

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Commercial poultry production is associated with various stresses responsible for decreasing productive and reproductive performance of growing chicks, breeders and commercial layers. A growing body of evidence shows that most of stresses in poultry production at the cellular level are associated with oxidative stress. Recently, a concept of the cellular antioxidant defense has been revised with special attention paid to cellular redox status maintenance and cell signaling. In fact, antioxidant systems of the living cell are based on three major levels of defense and superoxide dismutase (SOD) is shown to belong to the first level of the antioxidant defense network. Cellular antioxidant defenses are shown to include several options and vitagene activation in stress conditions is considered as a fundamental adaptive mechanism. The vitagene family includes various genes regulating synthesis of protective molecules including thioredoxins, sirtuins, heat shock proteins and SOD. However, by the time of writing no comprehensive review on the roles and effects of SOD in poultry biology has appeared. Therefore, the aim of this review is a critical analysis of the role of SOD in poultry biology with specific emphasis to its functions as an essential part of the vitagene network. From the analysis of the recent data related to SOD in poultry physiology and adaptation to stresses it is possible to conclude that: a) SOD as important vitagene is the main driving force in cell/body adaptation to various stress conditions. Indeed, in stress conditions additional synthesis of SOD is an adaptive mechanism to decrease ROS formation; b) If the stress is too high SOD activity is decreased and apoptosis is activated; c) there are tissue-specific differences in SOD expression which also depends on the strength of such stress-factors as heat, heavy metals, mycotoxins and other stressors; d) SOD is shown to provide an effective protection against lipid peroxidation in chicken embryonic tissues and semen; e) SOD is shown to be protective in heat and cold stress, toxicity stress as well as in other oxidative-stress related conditions in poultry production; f) there are complex interactions inside the antioxidant network of the cell/body to ensure an effective maintenance of homeostasis in stress conditions. Indeed, in many cases, nutritional antioxidants (vitamin E, selenium, carotenoids, phytochemicals, etc.) in the feed can increase SOD expression; g) nutritional means of SOD upregulation in stress conditions of poultry production and physiological and commercial consequences await further investigation; h) vitagene upregulation in stress conditions is emerging as an effective means for stress management.

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Section: Toxicological Stressesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Antioxidant Systems in Poultry Biology: Superoxide Dismutase

Surai¹

2016

J Anim Res Nutr

168

135

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“…In fact, the supplementation with C. longa had only specifically increased the linolenic acid by 19%, a key compound which can undergo desaturation and give rise to favourable precursors of icosanoids. Numerous studies have shown that curcumin, a non-water-soluble polyphenol, has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Chainani-Wu et al, 2003), and prevent or reduce the effects of aflatoxin in chicks fed aflatoxin-contaminated diets (Yarru et al, 2009). In normal healthy dogs supplemented with lysozyme, Masoero et al (2008c) repeating some NIRS measures of the coat have predicted some positive physiological effects (plasmatic protein, creatinine, blood urea and chloride were lowered) and quality of the coat was improved; this result was probably due to the excellent fit of NIRS for the amino acids, which dominate the composition of the coat (De la Haba et al, 2006).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NIRS of body and tissues in growing rabbits fed diets with different fat sources and supplemented with Curcuma longa

Peiretti

Meineri

Masoero³

2013

World Rabbit Sci.

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A portable Near Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy (NIRS) instrument was applied to 40 growing rabbits to determine body and tissue differences induced by experimental factors. The rabbits were examined at 2 live sites, in 7 warm carcass tissues and in longissimus dorsi muscle samples prepared in ethanol. For this purpose, the method was applied in a bi-factorial experiment concerning the dietary oil source (O) (maize vs. palm oil) and Curcuma longa (C) supplementation (0 and 3 g/kg, respectively). Significant chemical differences emerged for palmitic, oleic and linoleic acids in the longissimus dorsi muscle due to the O factor and for linolenic acid due to the C factor. The NIRS spectra and chemical analyses were elaborated by the Partial Least Squares (PLS) method, and the rsquares in cross-validation (R 2 cv) were retained as measure of the unoriented differentiation between the levels of the planned factor for each landmark and fatty acid (FA) profile. Multivariate PLS analysis of the FA muscular fat showed that the O factor induced strong differentiation (R 2 cv: 0.96), while less influence (0.33) was observed for the C factor. The model based on the NIRS radiation of the landmarks clearly shows the O factor effects, not only in the perirenal (0.90) and scapular (0.85) fats, but also in the belly (0.76), liver (0.73) and hind legs (0.72). Whereas the C effects were only expressed in the live animals (ears: 0.66 and abdominal wall: 0.58) and in post-mortem (liver: 0.60). It was concluded that a preliminary NIRS scan of the carcass and of live rabbits can point out the presence of intrinsic experimental effects concerning the lipid metabolism of polyunsaturated FA of the n-6 series (O factor) and n-3 series (C factor).

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“…Arshami et al (2013) stated that curcumin powder reduced TAG at 1.5% and 2.5% and cholesterol by 2.5% in Hy-line hens. Briefly, turmeric had an enhancement effect on the liver and kidney functions in broiler chickens that monitored by up-regulation of non-specific immunity and antioxidant enzymes mRNA expressions Yarru et al, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%