Effects of Urban Expansion and Anthropogenic Heat Enhancement on Tropical Cyclone Precipitation in the Greater Bay Area of China

He, Lun-Kai; Li, Qinglan; Wang, Yuqing; Lee, Heung Wing Joseph; Xu, Yongfu; Li, Guangxin

doi:10.1029/2022jd038184

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 81 publications

(139 reference statements)

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“…Changes in the vertical distribution of moisture due to urban development can influence local precipitation patterns. The altered moisture flux resulting from the presence of buildings can impact the formation and behavior of clouds and precipitation processes [69,70].…”

Section: Vertically Integrated Moisture Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effects of Urban Canopy on Extreme Rainfall over the Lake Victoria Basin in East Africa Using the WRF Model

Birungi,

Yu,

Chaibou

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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The model simulation focuses on an extreme rainfall event that triggered a flood hazard in the Lake Victoria basin region of East Africa from June 24th to 26th, 2022. This study investigates the impacts of its urban canopy on the extreme rainfall events over the Lake Victoria basin in East Africa, employing the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model at a convective-permitting resolution. The rapid urbanization of the region has given rise to an urban canopy, which has notable effects on local weather patterns, including the intensity and distribution of rainfall. The model incorporates high-resolution land use and urban canopy parameters to accurately capture the influences of urbanization on local weather patterns. This research comprises three sets of experiments, two with urban areas and one without, using the WRF model; the experiments focus on three days of an extreme rainfall event in the Lake Victoria basin. Satellite-based precipitation products and reanalysis datasets are employed for a synoptic analysis and model evaluation. The results demonstrate the model’s effectiveness in capturing meteorological variables during an extreme event compared to observed data. The synoptic patterns reveal that, during the extreme event, the Mascarene and St. Helena influenced rainfall conditions over the Lake Victoria Basin by directing moist air toward the northwest. This led to increased moisture convergence from the urban–rural interface toward urban areas, enhancing convection and processes that result in extreme rainfall. Moreover, this study indicates that the urban canopy, specifically the building effect parameterization, significantly amplifies the intensity and duration of rainfall in the urban areas of the region. This research also indicates a general increase in air temperature, relative humidity, latent heat flux, and surface sensible heat flux due to the urban canopy. These findings highlight the substantial influence of urbanization on rainfall patterns in the urban environment.

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Section: Vertically Integrated Moisture Fluxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Effects of Urban Canopy on Extreme Rainfall over the Lake Victoria Basin in East Africa Using the WRF Model

Birungi,

Yu,

Chaibou

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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“…Environmental background has a significant influence on TC precipitation (He et al 2023). This section explores the relationship between SCTCPM, which describes the five-day average monsoonal situation before TC landfall, and post-landfall environmental factors.…”

Section: Influence Of Monsoon Background On Precipitation-related Env...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of monsoon on the landfalling tropical cyclone persistent precipitation in South China

He,

Li,

et al. 2024

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Interactions between landfalling tropical cyclones (TCs) and monsoons in South China significantly influence precipitation duration, leading to severe disasters. Previous studies have primarily been individual cases, lacking systematic large-scale statistical analysis of the monsoon and landfalling tropical cyclone persistent precipitation (LTCPP) relationship. This study quantitatively investigated the relationship between monsoonal wind intensity before TCs landfall and post-landfall persistent precipitation induced by TCs in South China, employing the ERA5 reanalysis data and the best track data of 147 TCs from 1979 to 2018. The LTCPP was characterized by the frequency of persistent precipitation events during 0–72 h after TC landfall within a 500 km radius from the TC center. TCs were subdivided into weak and strong LTCPP groups based on the category-specific median of Frequency of 24 h Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Persistent Precipitation (FLTCPP24): 2705 h for TS, 6007 h for STS, and 6419 h for TY. A South China Tropical Cyclone Precipitation Monsoon Index (SCTCPM) was proposed to quantify monsoonal wind intensity derived from zonal winds at 850 hPa over two regions located in the Indian Ocean and Northwestern Pacific Ocean, within 5 d before TC landfall. The results reveal that SCTCPM < 9 m s−1 yields a 72% probability of weak LTCPP occurrence, which increases to 77% when SCTCPM < 6 m s−1. Conversely, SCTCPM > 18 m s−1 corresponds to an 80% probability of strong LTCPP. SCTCPM is an effective indicator for monsoonal wind that impacts LTCPP. Enhanced monsoonal winds, quantified by higher SCTCPM, result in post-landfall changes in horizontal wind speed, moisture transport, convective activity and upward motion, ultimately increasing LTCPP. This study deepens our understanding of the monsoon-TC relationship, emphasizing the crucial role of monsoonal wind in LTCPP in South China and offering valuable insights for disaster preparedness and risk mitigation.

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Impacts of Urban Heat and Surface Roughness on Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Intensity: A Case Study Based on TC Victor (1997) in Coastal South China

Hu,

Tam,

et al. 2024

JGR Atmospheres

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This study investigates the impacts of urban‐induced anthropogenic heat (AH) and surface roughness on Tropical Cyclone (TC) Victor (1997) using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model. TC Victor originated in the South China Sea and made landfall over the Greater Bay Area (GBA) megacity. The storm was characterized by slow movement, a weakly organized structure, and a small size. Three parallel experiments were conducted in the following setups: “Nourban,” where urban areas in the GBA were replaced by croplands, “AH0” (“AH300”), in which the diurnal maximum AH was set to 0 (300 W/m2) in urban locations. The urbanization effect during the landfall period results in a notable reduction in both the Power Dissipation Index and Integrated Kinetic Energy of the storm. A Lagrangian particle dispersion model further demonstrates that from 33 to 17 hr prelandfall, the entrainment of AH‐affected warm airflow into the TC's circulation leads to a decrease in both the convective available potential energy and surface latent heat flux in the western quadrant of the TC, thus weakening the cyclone's intensity. Furthermore, from 12 hr prelandfall to 8 hr postlandfall, there is an intense influx of AH‐affected airflow into the TC's primary circulation, resulting in a decrease in relative humidity and a stronger asymmetrical structure, declining the TC intensity. Concurrently, urban surface roughness contributes to a decrease in postlandfall storm intensity through frictional energy dissipation. This study underscores the critical role of AH and urban roughness in modulating TC intensity for storms with specific characteristics, emphasizing the need for deeper insights into urban‐TC dynamics.

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Effects of Urban Expansion and Anthropogenic Heat Enhancement on Tropical Cyclone Precipitation in the Greater Bay Area of China

Cited by 3 publications

References 81 publications

Assessing the Effects of Urban Canopy on Extreme Rainfall over the Lake Victoria Basin in East Africa Using the WRF Model

Assessing the Effects of Urban Canopy on Extreme Rainfall over the Lake Victoria Basin in East Africa Using the WRF Model

The impact of monsoon on the landfalling tropical cyclone persistent precipitation in South China

Impacts of Urban Heat and Surface Roughness on Landfalling Tropical Cyclone Intensity: A Case Study Based on TC Victor (1997) in Coastal South China

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