Effects of urbanization on flowering phenology in the metropolitan phoenix region of USA: Findings from herbarium records

Neil, Kaesha; Landrum, Leslie R.; Wu, Jianguo

doi:10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.10.010

Cited by 70 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Although phenological analyses of herbarium data offer unique insights into past responses, they model past responses only, and long-term phenological observation is necessary to fully understand present responses and model those in the future. To complement the herbarium data and test our models, we are directly monitoring Rhododendron phenology on Yulong Mountain, conducting artificial warming experiments, and documenting indigenous peoples' observations of change.This study joins other work from the past decade showing the value of herbarium collections to infer long-term phenology (10,11,43,48,(51)(52)(53)(54)(55)(56)(57)(58)(59)(60)(61)(62)(63). These have increasingly shown that not only can the "messy" data from herbarium collections be used to infer phenology, but that these data can reveal the complex effects on phenology of geography (43), pollination (62), morphological traits (48, 52), and, in this study, the contrasting response of warming across different seasons.…”

supporting

confidence: 82%

Herbarium specimens show contrasting phenological responses to Himalayan climate

Hart

Salick

Ranjitkar

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

133

125

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Responses by flowering plants to climate change are complex and only beginning to be understood. Through analyses of 10,295 herbarium specimens of Himalayan Rhododendron collected by plant hunters and botanists since 1884, we were able to separate these responses into significant components. We found a lack of directional change in mean flowering time over the past 45 y of rapid warming. However, over the full 125 y of collections, mean flowering time shows a significant response to year-to-year changes in temperature, and this response varies with season of warming. Mean flowering advances with annual warming (2.27 d earlier per 1°C warming), and also is delayed with fall warming (2.54 d later per 1°C warming). Annual warming may advance flowering through positive effects on overwintering bud formation, whereas fall warming may delay flowering through an impact on chilling requirements. The lack of a directional response suggests that contrasting phenological responses to temperature changes may obscure temperature sensitivity in plants. By drawing on large collections from multiple herbaria, made over more than a century, we show how these data may inform studies even of remote localities, and we highlight the increasing value of these and other natural history collections in understanding longterm change.phenology | global warming I n an era of ongoing climate change (1), shifts in seasonal timing of life history events (phenology) are among the first and the most important responses seen in biological systems (2-5). Changes in phenology potentially impact organism reproduction, population survival, species boundaries, and ecosystem service (6-8). However, despite the importance of phenological changes (9, 10), data sources are limited (11). Satellite imagery (12), experimental studies (13), and modern observational records of phenology (11,14) are temporally restricted to the last few decades. Although historical phenological records kept by scientists, amateur naturalists, or for cultural reasons (15-17) may extend much further, these are often limited in geographic range, and tend to focus on North America and Europe (but see ref. 18).Such records have not been found for the Himalayan region, an area of particular concern when considering climate change. Rapid temperature increases and changes in precipitation, in combination with the importance of Himalayan snowpack and glaciers to water supply and monsoon cycles, make the region one of the most threatened nonpolar areas of the world (1,19). Recent climate change is impacting Himalayan biological systems, including those upon which humans rely (20-23).Despite its remoteness, the botanical richness of Yulong Mountain (27°N, 100.2°E), at the eastern limit of the Himalayan region, has made it a center of botanical collection since the late 19th century. Yulong Mountain was home to the prolific plant hunters George Forrest (collecting 1904-1930) and Joseph Rock (collecting 1918-1948). Other early collectors in the area included Jean Marie Delavayi, Heinrich ...

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supporting

confidence: 82%

Herbarium specimens show contrasting phenological responses to Himalayan climate

Hart

Salick

Ranjitkar

et al. 2014

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

133

125

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“…S5). Interestingly, the two plant studies conducted inside cities showed greater advances, suggesting that the potential urban heat-island effect merits further study (33). Fourth, both bees and plants showed greater rates of advance for species that are active earlier in the season, suggesting some correspondence between taxa (14).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants

Bartomeus

Ascher²,

Wagner³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

454

397

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The phenology of many ecological processes is modulated by temperature, making them potentially sensitive to climate change. Mutualistic interactions may be especially vulnerable because of the potential for phenological mismatching if the species involved do not respond similarly to changes in temperature. Here we present an analysis of climate-associated shifts in the phenology of wild bees, the most important pollinators worldwide, and compare these shifts to published studies of bee-pollinated plants over the same time period. We report that over the past 130 y, the phenology of 10 bee species from northeastern North America has advanced by a mean of 10.4 ± 1.3 d. Most of this advance has taken place since 1970, paralleling global temperature increases. When the best available data are used to estimate analogous rates of advance for plants, these rates are not distinguishable from those of bees, suggesting that bee emergence is keeping pace with shifts in host-plant flowering, at least among the generalist species that we investigated. C limate warming over the past 50 y is associated with phenological advances in a wide variety of organisms including plants, birds, and insects (1-3). Responses to climate warming are particularly important to understand for species that provide critical ecological functions such as pollinators. Furthermore, many ecological functions result from interactions among species, and because not all species respond to climate warming in the same manner, this could potentially lead to phenological mismatches that result in the loss of function (4-6). Alternatively, the interacting species may be buffered against climate variation if they have evolved similar responses to environmental variation (7). Here we present an analysis of climate-associated shifts in the phenology of wild bee pollinators, and compare the rates of advance for bees to those of bee-pollinated plants from the same region.Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) are the primary animal pollinators in most ecosystems (8). However, there is only one study of climate-associated phenological shifts in bees, and this focused on a single managed species, the honey bee (9). The honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) represents a special case relative to the ∼19,700 described species of bees existing worldwide (10), first, because it is a domesticated species, and second, because it is one of the minority of perennial bee species, meaning that adults remain active over the winter and regulate hive temperatures in temperate latitudes. In contrast, most wild bee species outside the tropics have annual cycles that include an obligatory larval or adult diapause before spring emergence. The development of bees and the environmental triggers regulating seasonal activity are largely unknown, and the few species studied show complex responses to both winter and spring temperatures (11,12). Thus, although we would predict phenological shifts in bee activity due to climate change, the directionality and magnitude of these shifts are difficult...

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“…However, the presented research has shown that local plants could have released these ragweed pollen grains. If these plants are located in large urban areas, then increased temperatures due to the heat island effect can advance flowering [34], and other environmental variables, e.g. air pollution, can enhance pollen production [35,36] and allergenicity [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk of exposure to airborne <i>Ambrosia</i> pollen from local and distant sources in Europe – an example from Denmark

Sommer¹,

Smith²,

Šikoparija³

et al. 2015

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Background. Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. is a noxious invasive alien species in Europe. It is an important aeroallergen and millions of people are exposed to its pollen. Objective. The main aim of this study is to show that atmospheric concentrations of Ambrosia pollen recorded in Denmark can be derived from local or more distant sources. Methods. This was achieved by using a combination of pollen measurements, air mass trajectory calculations using the HYPLIT model and mapping all known Ambrosia locations in Denmark and relating them to land cover types. Results. The annual pollen index recorded in Copenhagen during a 15-year period varied from a few pollen grains to more than 100. Since 2005, small quantities of Ambrosia pollen has been observed in the air every year. We have demonstrated, through a combination of Lagrangian back-trajectory calculations and atmospheric pollen measurements, that pollen arrived in Denmark via long-distance transport from centres of Ambrosia infection, such as the Pannonian Plain and Ukraine. Combining observations with results from a local scale dispersion model show that it is possible that Ambrosia pollen could be derived from local sources identified within Denmark. Conclusions. The high allergenic capacity of Ambrosia pollen means that only small amounts of pollen are relevant for allergy sufferers, and just a few plants will be sufficient to produce enough pollen to affect pollen allergy sufferers within a short distance from the source. It is necessary to adopt control measures to restrict Ambrosia numbers. Recommendations for the removal of all Ambrosia plants can effectively reduce the amount of local pollen, as long as the population of Ambrosia plants is small.

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Effects of urbanization on flowering phenology in the metropolitan phoenix region of USA: Findings from herbarium records

Cited by 70 publications

References 31 publications

Herbarium specimens show contrasting phenological responses to Himalayan climate

Herbarium specimens show contrasting phenological responses to Himalayan climate

Climate-associated phenological advances in bee pollinators and bee-pollinated plants

Risk of exposure to airborne <i>Ambrosia</i> pollen from local and distant sources in Europe – an example from Denmark

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