Effects of urbanization on stream flow, sediment, and phosphorous regime

Mackenzie, Kevin; Singh, K.; Binns, Andrew D.; Whiteley, H. R.; Gharabaghi, Bahram

doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2022.128283

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Total load estimates were calculated using the results of our recent studies [8,9], which were developed from fieldwork in the watershed as well as historic hydrometric data from the Water Survey of Canada and LSRCA, and water quality data from the Ontario Provincial Water Quality Monitoring Network. Observed total loads were found for six monitored watersheds within the study area, including both early and later stages of urbanization, resulting in 12 observed sets of observed loads and corresponding watershed land use distributions [9]. Previous studies have established the correlation between loading and contributing areas of specific land uses [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

Section: Total Sediment and Phosphorus Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies have established the correlation between loading and contributing areas of specific land uses [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. MacKenzie et al also showed that total phosphorous load strongly correlates with suspended sediment load in the study area [8,9]. These observed data and established correlations with land use in the contributing watershed were used to develop linear relationships between land use and Figure 2 shows a linear trend between the stream restoration length and total project cost, with an initial cost of about $32,000 (to cover the equipment, design, permitting, and mobilization) and about $274 per meter length of the stream restoration project.…”

Section: Total Sediment and Phosphorus Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The estimated annual average P loads for Lake Simcoe is approximately 72 t/y, of which about 41 t/y is delivered to Lake Simcoe from tributaries [8,9]. The East Holland River drains approximately 15% of the total tributary load, indicating an average annual sediment load of approximately 2000 t/y (or 32 kg/d/km 2 ) and P load of approximately 4.5 t/yr (or 0.07 kg P/d/km 2 ).…”

Section: Total Sediment and Phosphorus Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The specific stream power (stream power per unit channel width) model was found to Water 2024, 16, 363 2 of 21 be a reliable indicator of stream reaches both in and out-of-regime conditions [8]. In a subsequent study, flow distribution and contaminant loading in the Southern Ontario, Canada, study area were investigated and found to be well correlated with the level of urbanization in the contributing watershed [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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The Role of Stream Restoration in Mitigating Sediment and Phosphorous Loads in Urbanizing Watersheds

MacKenzie,

Auger,

Beitollahpour

et al. 2024

Water

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Stream corridor erosion can majorly contribute to the overall sediment and phosphorus load in urbanizing watersheds. However, the relative contribution of stream bed and bank erosion, compared with upland watershed sources and the potential for stream restoration to mitigate total contaminant loads, is poorly understood. In this study, a new method was developed, using the percent impervious cover (PIC) indicator of urbanization to evaluate the relative contribution of the stream corridor versus upland watershed contributions to observed total sediment and phosphorus loads in the receiving watercourse. This method was used to develop a cost-optimized mitigation plan, including implementing low-impact development (LID) stormwater infrastructure for urban areas and agricultural best management practices (BMPs) for rural areas in the watershed and stream restoration for the degraded stream reaches. A new cost–benefit analysis methodology is developed and used to assess the relative benefits of the mitigation measures for the case study of the Tannery Creek sub-watershed of the East Holland River in Ontario, Canada. The novel contributions of this study include the development of three relationships to estimate sediment and associated phosphorus loading based on contributing catchment area and land use, as well as a method to optimize the costs and benefits of planned mitigation measures. The results support stream restoration as an essential and cost-effective part of a comprehensive water quality watershed management plan to help maintain healthy streams in urbanized watersheds.

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Section: Total Sediment and Phosphorus Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Total Sediment and Phosphorus Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Total Sediment and Phosphorus Loadsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Role of Stream Restoration in Mitigating Sediment and Phosphorous Loads in Urbanizing Watersheds

MacKenzie,

Auger,

Beitollahpour

et al. 2024

Water

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“…The road salt enters the freshwater ecosystems via highway runoff, resulting in high chloride concentrations [4,13]. The high chloride concentration impairs the freshwater aquatic biota by reducing food availability and decreasing biodiversity [2,[14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graph-Based Deep Learning Model for Forecasting Chloride Concentration in Urban Streams to Protect Salt-Vulnerable Areas

Oliveira Santos,

Costa Rocha,

Thé

et al. 2023

Environments

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In cold-climate regions, road salt is used as a deicer for winter road maintenance. The applied road salt melts ice and snow on roads and can be washed off through storm sewer systems into nearby urban streams, harming the freshwater ecosystem. Therefore, aiming to develop a precise and accurate model to determine future chloride concentration in the Credit River in Ontario, Canada, the present work makes use of a “Graph Neural Network”–“Sample and Aggregate” (GNN-SAGE). The proposed GNN-SAGE is compared to other models, including a Deep Neural Network-based transformer (DNN-Transformer) and a benchmarking persistence model for a 6 h forecasting horizon. The proposed GNN-SAGE surpassed both the benchmarking persistence model and the DNN-Transformer model, achieving RMSE and R2 values of 51.16 ppb and 0.88, respectively. Additionally, a SHAP analysis provides insight into the variables that influence the model’s forecasting, showing the impact of the spatiotemporal neighboring data from the network and the seasonality variables on the model’s result. The GNN-SAGE model shows potential for use in the real-time forecasting of water quality in urban streams, aiding in the development of regulatory policies to protect vulnerable freshwater ecosystems in urban areas.

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Scale issues in runoff and sediment delivery (SIRSD): A systematic review and bibliometric analysis

Ke,

Zhang

2024

Earth-Science Reviews

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Effects of urbanization on stream flow, sediment, and phosphorous regime

Cited by 15 publications

References 60 publications

The Role of Stream Restoration in Mitigating Sediment and Phosphorous Loads in Urbanizing Watersheds

The Role of Stream Restoration in Mitigating Sediment and Phosphorous Loads in Urbanizing Watersheds

Graph-Based Deep Learning Model for Forecasting Chloride Concentration in Urban Streams to Protect Salt-Vulnerable Areas

Scale issues in runoff and sediment delivery (SIRSD): A systematic review and bibliometric analysis

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