Effects of urbanization on the urban heat island in Beirut

Kaloustian, Noushig; Diab, Youssef

doi:10.1016/j.uclim.2015.06.004

Cited by 63 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The most prominent urban thermal environment problem is the development of urban heat islands (UHIs). As one of the most obvious characteristics of urban climate change caused by construction and human activity, UHIs constitute heat accumulation in urban areas due to their higher surface temperature compared with the surrounding suburbs and rural regions [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Land Surface Temperature Changes: A Case Study in the Main City of Guangzhou, China

et al. 2020

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To improve land use efficiency, urban renewal must also consider urban microclimates and heat islands. Existing research has depended on manual interpretation of high-resolution optical satellite imagery to resolve land surface temperature (LST) changes caused by urban renewal; however, the acquired ground time series data tend to be uneven and unique to specific frameworks. The objective of this study was to establish a more general framework to study LST changes caused by urban renewal using multi-source remote sensing data. Specifically, urban renewal areas during 2007–2017 were obtained by integrating Landsat and yearly Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR) images, and LST was retrieved from Landsat thermal infrared data using the generalized single-channel algorithm. Our results showed that urban renewal land (URL) area accounted for 1.88% of urban land area. Relative LST between URL and general urban land (GUL) of Liwan, Yuexiu, Haizhu, and Tianhe districts dropped by 0.88, 0.42, 0.43, and 0.10 K, respectively, whereas those of Baiyun, Huangpu, Panyu, and Luogang districts presented opposite characteristics, with a rise in the LST of 0.98, 1.03, 1.63, and 2.11 K, respectively. These results are attributable to population density, building density, and landscape pattern changes during the urban renewal process.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Land Surface Temperature Changes: A Case Study in the Main City of Guangzhou, China

et al. 2020

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“…Upon comparing these findings to previous Town Energy Balance (TEB) single layer urban canopy model [47] simulations for Municipal Beirut [48,49], it was found that Zones 3 and 4 of the city had the highest urban warming results, as well as the highest number of NCs, amongst which Bachoura District is situated. As such, Bachoura District was selected as a case study area for the purpose of this paper to be replicated for future similar analyses within Municipal Beirut.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Leftover Spaces for the Mitigation of Urban Overheating in Municipal Beirut

Kaloustian

Aouad

Battista

et al. 2018

Climate

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Abstract:The Urban Heat Island phenomenon and urban overheating are serious consequences of urbanization resulting in impacts on thermal comfort levels, heat stress and even mortality. This paper builds on previous findings on the topic of non-constructible parcels, small vacant or built spaces in Municipal Beirut, some of which belong to the municipality while others are privately owned and which might be used for different functional purposes. This paper further examines the possibility of implementing cool surface or paving materials and urban vegetation to reduce air urban temperature, especially during the summer period and with the view to project the positive findings of this case study to the entire Municipal Beirut area. A numerical analysis using ENVI-met 4.0 investigates the thermal performance of these non-constructibles further to implementation of high reflective surfaces and urban vegetation on a broad neighborhood scale, taking the Bachoura District as a reference case for a typical summer day. The best air temperature reductions correspond to the use of cool material in areas that are far from buildings where there are no shadow effects. In some cases, the introduction of trees leads to an increase of the air temperature near the ground because they became an obstacle of the natural ventilation. Results show a maximum mitigation effect with the use of cool materials that lead to reductions in air temperatures up to 0.42 • C if used alone and up to 0.77 • C if used in combination with trees. Within the framework of an integrated approach to planning, this form of urban intervention aims for substantial overheating reduction.

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“…The thermal environment problem has attracted significant attention with the progress of urbanization [61,62] and it has received extensive attention from scholars for both the indoor and outdoor thermal environment [50,[62][63][64][65]. The internal heat source at UCG influences the temperature field in the overburden.…”

Section: Mathematical Model For Two-dimensional (2d) Temperature Fieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some Influences of Underground Coal Gasification on the Environment

2018

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Increasing energy costs and energy demand have renewed global interest in clean coal technologies. Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is an industrial process that converts coal into product gas. UCG is a promising technology with a lot of health, safety and environmental advantages over conventional mining techniques. UCG carries risks to human health, agriculture and the environment. This article briefly analyzes the advantages and negative environmental impacts of UCG. It describes experimental objects, mathematical models as tools for simulation cases and it used coal from UCG experiments in Cigel, Barbara and Wieczorek mines to analyze the environmental impacts of UCG. The gasification converts the carbon in the coal to syngas and heat. We carried out a numerical simulation of the two-dimensional unstable heat conduction in the coal and overburden, with the aim of judging the influence of this heat source on the surroundings, including the surface. The results show that the temperature in the surrounding rock first increases and then decreases with time, the peak of the temperature curve decreases gradually, and its position moves inside the surrounding rock from the ignition point. A small amount of potentially dangerous syngas leaks from the UCG cavity and channels into vulnerable areas depending on working pressures. The danger of explosion and poisoning in vulnerable zones was evaluated by the simulation model. The results show that the danger is real but by monitoring and controlling the air in the vulnerable area it is possible to reduce this risk.

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Effects of urbanization on the urban heat island in Beirut

Cited by 63 publications

References 12 publications

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Land Surface Temperature Changes: A Case Study in the Main City of Guangzhou, China

The Impact of Urban Renewal on Land Surface Temperature Changes: A Case Study in the Main City of Guangzhou, China

Leftover Spaces for the Mitigation of Urban Overheating in Municipal Beirut

Some Influences of Underground Coal Gasification on the Environment

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