Effects of urea and lipid removal from Carcharhinus leucas and Galeocerdo cuvier white muscle on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios

Martin, Ulrich; Jaquemet, Sébastien

doi:10.4314/wiojms.v18i1.5

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…However, LE had a similar effect on δ 15 N values as DW, suggesting that LE is removing the same amount of urea as DW. This conflicts with previous studies that found no effect of LE on δ 15 N (Burgess and Bennett, 2017;Carlisle et al, 2017) or a small positive shift (Hussey et al, 2010b;Martin and Jaquemet, 2019) but agrees with large increases in δ 15 N found by Logan and Lutcavage (2010) and Marcus et al (2017). As LE and DW have the same effect on δ 15 N, but LE and DW+LE cause a more positive δ 13 C value relative to DW, this suggests that some lipid removal is taking place.…”

Section: Musclecontrasting

confidence: 94%

“…However, in contrast, δ 13 C values of muscle treated with both LE and DW+LE were similar to the control δ 13 C value, suggesting that 13 C-depleted compounds such as lipids are being removed and potentially countering the decrease in δ 13 C values caused by the removal of urea. All treatments in all species resulted in a large increase in muscle δ 15 N values (0.9-1.3 ) displaying the same range of values as a variety of other elasmobranch species (Burgess and Bennett, 2017;Marcus et al, 2017;Martin and Jaquemet, 2019) confirming previous findings that muscle needs to be treated for urea regardless of species and size (Kim and Koch, 2012;Li et al, 2016;Carlisle et al, 2017). However, LE had a similar effect on δ 15 N values as DW, suggesting that LE is removing the same amount of urea as DW.…”

Section: Musclesupporting

confidence: 81%

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A Multi-Tissue, Multi-Species Assessment of Lipid and Urea Stable Isotope Biases in Mesopredator Elasmobranchs

et al. 2022

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The application of stable isotope analysis (SIA) is increasing in elasmobranch trophic ecology, but inconsistency remains in terms of the tissue pre-treatment methods chosen to remove biases introduced by lipids and urea. SIA of a range of non-lethally extracted tissues from a diverse group of elasmobranchs, including mesopredators, is increasing, yet most studies assume that isotope biases from lipid and urea are the same across tissues and species. To determine tissue- and species-specific isotope biases across treatment methods, three tissues and their components [muscle, fin, and blood separated into plasma and red blood cells (RBC)] were non-lethally extracted from three species of mesopredatory elasmobranchs and subjected to one of three treatment methods: (1) deionized water rinse [DW], (2) chloroform/methanol lipid extraction [LE], or (3) deionized water followed by chloroform/methanol [DW+LE]. In muscle δ13C, all treatments displayed minimal variation (∼ 0‰) but large increases in δ15N (∼ 1‰) indicated urea removal. Fin δ13C values decreased with DW but increased with LE and DW+LE, whilst all treatments increased fin δ15N (∼ 0.5‰), suggesting removal of both lipid and urea. Plasma δ13C and δ15N displayed high individual variation; large decreases in δ13C (∼−0.8‰) across all treatments, but particularly DW, suggested the removal of 13C-enriched compounds while a small increase in δ15N (∼ 0.2‰) suggested minimal urea removal. In RBC, all treatments showed small δ13C declines (∼−0.5‰), with no difference in δ15N, suggesting minimal removal of 13C-enriched compounds and urea. For muscle and fin, DW+LE is the most appropriate treatment to standardize δ13C and δ15N consistently across individuals and tissues. The large individual variation in treatment effects on plasma suggests it is unsuitable for current treatment methods. Consistent treatment effects for RBC allow for DW+LE standardization, however, broader species-specific effects are unknown. The importance of treatment choice for accurately estimating prey contributions to elasmobranch diet was highlighted using Bayesian stable isotope mixing model comparisons, with prey contributions varying significantly among treatments. This variability suggests that ecological inferences from elasmobranch tissue SIA are not robust to different treatment methods. It is recommended that studies employ standardized corrections using a combined DW+LE treatment where applicable.

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Section: Musclecontrasting

confidence: 94%

Section: Musclesupporting

confidence: 81%

A Multi-Tissue, Multi-Species Assessment of Lipid and Urea Stable Isotope Biases in Mesopredator Elasmobranchs

et al. 2022

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“…Although shark muscle generally contains low lipid content (<1%) (Meyer et al, 2017), lipids are depleted in 13 C and shark osmoregulatory strategy induce a significant urea retention which is depleted in 15 N. This may cause bias in the interpretation of the δ 13 C and δ 15 N, and therefore requires a mathematical normalization for the δ 13 C and δ N values following urea and lipid extraction in several species of sharks (Y. . Here, we applied the normalization equations established for the bull and the tiger shark from La Réunion Island, for each species and each sex (Martin and Jaquemet, 2019).…”

Section: Muscle δ 13 C and δ 15 N Valuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mercury isotopes as tracers of ecology and metabolism in two sympatric shark species

Croizier

Lorrain

Sonke

et al. 2020

Environmental Pollution

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HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d'enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

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“…Ammonia in the muscle tissues of elasmobranchs can have effects on SI values, and studies have suggested that rinsing samples in deionized water can remove the urea (Li et al, 2016). When comparing shark muscle samples with lipids extracted versus samples that were both lipid-extracted and deionized-water-rinsed, the urea extracted samples had d 15 N values increased by just under 1.0‰ and d 13 C values decreased by just under 1.0‰ (Martin and Jaquemet, 2019). To our knowledge, this method has not been tested in ammoniacal squid tissues and is not currently standard among SIA of squid muscle.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards unlocking the trophic roles of rarely encountered squid: Opportunistic samples of Taningia danae and a Chiroteuthis aff. veranii reveal that the Southern Ocean top predators are nutrient links connecting deep-sea and shelf-slope environments

Jackel,

Baring,

Doane

et al. 2023

Front. Mar. Sci.

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Deep-sea squids are presumably vital components of largely undescribed marine ecosystems, yet limited access to specimens has hampered efforts to detail their ecological roles as predators and preys. Biochemical techniques such as stable isotope analyses, fatty acid analyses, and bomb calorimetry are increasingly recognized for their ability to infer trophic ecology and dietary information from small quantities of tissue. This study used five opportunistically collected Taningia danae specimens and one Chiroteuthis aff. veranii specimen retrieved from the Great Australian Bight, South Australia, to detail the trophic ecology of these poorly understood squids. Four body tissue types (i.e., arm, buccal mass, mantle, and digestive gland) were assessed for their utility in stable isotope (SI) and fatty acid (FA) analyses, and we found that the arm, buccal mass, and mantle tissues had similar SI and FA profiles, suggesting that they can be used interchangeably when the entire specimen is unavailable. δ13C, δ15N, and fatty acid data suggests that the T. danae and C. aff. veranii specimens lived in the Southern Ocean and were high-trophic-level predators, feeding on deep-sea fishes and small squids, while also taking advantage of the summer upwelling region of the Great Australian Bight. The fatty acid analysis and bomb calorimetry results indicate that these squids might be important reservoirs of essential FAs (EPA and DHA) for Southern Ocean predators and that the whole-body energy content of T. danae individuals can reach up to 362,250 kJ. Our findings indicate that these squids may be contributing greatly to the transport of nutrients and energy between the Southern Ocean deep-sea and the Great Australian Bight shelf–slope environments. In addition to building our understanding of the trophic ecology of two poorly understood deep-sea squids, these findings also highlight the utility of partial specimens and demonstrate the important ecological information that can be obtained from few samples that may be opportunistically collected.

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Effects of urea and lipid removal from Carcharhinus leucas and Galeocerdo cuvier white muscle on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

A Multi-Tissue, Multi-Species Assessment of Lipid and Urea Stable Isotope Biases in Mesopredator Elasmobranchs

A Multi-Tissue, Multi-Species Assessment of Lipid and Urea Stable Isotope Biases in Mesopredator Elasmobranchs

Mercury isotopes as tracers of ecology and metabolism in two sympatric shark species

Towards unlocking the trophic roles of rarely encountered squid: Opportunistic samples of Taningia danae and a Chiroteuthis aff. veranii reveal that the Southern Ocean top predators are nutrient links connecting deep-sea and shelf-slope environments

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