Effects of use and mineral supply on the botanical composition and yield of old grassland on heavy-clay soil.

Elberse, W.Th.; Bergh, J.P. van den; Dirven, J. G. P.

doi:10.18174/njas.v31i1.16962

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In the homogeneous soil pH treatment, each plot was filled with a 2:1:1 (v:v:v) mixture of black soil, yellow sand and cyclone sand with 72 g CaCO 3 (200 g/m 2 ). The amount of CaCO 3 supplied to the pH treatments was based on Elberse et al (1983). The two heterogeneous soil pH treatments were created using low [1:1 (v:v) mixture of black soil and yellow sand] and high pH soils [1:1 (v:v) mixture of black soil and cyclone with 144 g CaCO 3 (400 g/m 2 )] (Fig.…”

Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil heterogeneity and plant species diversity in experimental grassland communities: contrasting effects of soil nutrients and pH at different spatial scales

2019

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Background and aims Current knowledge of soil heterogeneity-diversity relationships (HDR) is largely based on studies manipulating single factor, but the advancements in HDR may require a comprehensive experiment incorporating multiple factors. Methods We conducted a three-year field experiment in which a seed mixture of 16 common grassland species was sown in plots with heterogeneous soils consisting of small (10 cm × 10 cm) or large patches (30 cm × 30 cm) of low and high nutrients or low and high pH, and homogeneous soils with an even mixture of low and high nutrient/pH soils. Soil nutrients and pH were manipulated in separate treatments. We determined plant species richness and diversity at two focal scales (40 cm × 40 cm plotscale and 10 cm × 10 cm patch-scale). Results Plot-scale richness and diversity were not influenced by soil heterogeneity, but patch-scale richness was lower in plots with heterogeneous nutrients than in plots where nutrients were distributed homogeneously. There was no difference between the two heterogeneous nutrient soils with different grain sizes. Patch-scale diversity was higher in heterogeneous pH soils of large patch size than in heterogeneous pH soils of small patch size or the homogeneous pH soil at the final harvest. Species richness and diversity quantified at both plot and patch scales declined in all soils over time. Conclusions The influence of soil heterogeneity on plant species diversity depends on whether the soil varies in nutrients or pH, and on the temporalspatial scale at which species diversity and soil heterogeneity are measured. These results indicate that soil heterogeneity has the potential to promote plant coexistence and future HDR studies should consider multiple soil factors at various temporalspatial scales.

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Section: The Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil heterogeneity and plant species diversity in experimental grassland communities: contrasting effects of soil nutrients and pH at different spatial scales

2019

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“…The reduction of plant species diversity in lowland grasslands is a well‐studied phenomenon mainly linked to the input of N fertilizer since the 1960s (e.g. Bakker, ; Elberse, van den Bergh, & Dirven, ; Klapp, ). The vegetation of the area is mainly formed of grasses that profit from this input (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ditches as species‐rich secondary habitats and refuge for meadow species in agricultural marsh grasslands

Rasran

Vogt

2017

Applied Vegetation Science

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Questions: Can drainage ditches in agricultural marsh grassland provide a suitable habitat for the persistence of fen meadow species? How does the ditch margin vegetation develop as a function of regular dredging? Is ornithologically oriented management also beneficial for plant biodiversity?Location: Riparian marshes, Eider-Treene-Sorge lowland, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. Methods:We performed vegetation surveys of drainage ditches along with their water body, slope and margin structures annually for 3 years. The data were analysed with respect to date and means of ditch dredging. In addition, we recorded vegetation of the surrounding agricultural grassland, measured nutrient status of the soil and the water body and sampled seed bank of the ditch slopes. We used ANOVA and multivariate methods to describe the development of the ditch vegetation and the persistence of target meadow species. Results: Vegetation re-development of ditch margins proceeds quite rapidly after disturbance from dredging. Dominance of mudbank species was observed only in the first year, followed by an increase of reed species and reduction of phytodiversity.Target species of wet meadow communities reach highest abundance in the second and third year and build a significant seed bank before being suppressed by reeds. Conclusions:In heavily eutrophicated, intensively used marsh grassland, regularly disturbed ditch margins are important secondary habitats for pioneer and subdominant wetland species, which have nearly disappeared in a larger area. Current management cycles of ditch dredging every 3-4 years comply with the successional development, allowing the mudbank and wet meadow species to persist in the vegetation and seed bank. In contrast to the frequency, the form of dredging (ditch profile), which is crucial for bird protection, plays a minor role for plants. We recommend moderate disturbance (mowing of ditch margins) to suppress strong competitors in the years between dredging for additional support to target plant species. K E Y W O R D S

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“…This trial was performed in 1958 on a heavy riverine clay soil. Two of the four plots have been unfertilized ever since (plots 13O and 16O: KCl, pH 4.0, 20.0% organic matter in the top 5‐cm soil layer), and the other two plots have received 160 kg N, 74 kg P 2 O 5 and 375 kg K 2 O ha −1 year −1 (plots 11NPK and 19NPK: KCl, pH 3.8, 23.7% organic matter in the top 5‐cm soil layer) (for details, see Elberse et al , 1983).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High turnover of fungal hyphae in incubation experiments

Vries

Bååth

Kuyper

et al. 2009

FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Soil biological studies are often conducted on sieved soils without the presence of plants. However, soil fungi build delicate mycelial networks, often symbiotically associated with plant roots (mycorrhizal fungi). We hypothesized that as a result of sieving and incubating without plants, the total fungal biomass decreases. To test this, we conducted three incubation experiments. We expected total and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungal biomass to be higher in less fertilized soils than in fertilized soils, and thus to decrease more during incubation. Indeed, we found that fungal biomass decreased rapidly in the less fertilized soils. A shift towards thicker hyphae occurred, and the fraction of septate hyphae increased. However, analyses of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) and neutral lipid fatty acids could not clarify which fungal groups were decreasing. We propose that in our soils, there was a fraction of fungal biomass that was sensitive to fertilization and disturbance (sieving, followed by incubation without plants) with a very high turnover (possibly composed of fine hyphae of AM and saprotrophic fungi), and a fraction that was much less vulnerable with a low turnover (composed of saprotrophic fungi and runner hyphae of AMF). Furthermore, PLFAs might not be as sensitive in detecting changes in fungal biomass as previously thought.

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Effects of use and mineral supply on the botanical composition and yield of old grassland on heavy-clay soil.

Cited by 42 publications

References 4 publications

Soil heterogeneity and plant species diversity in experimental grassland communities: contrasting effects of soil nutrients and pH at different spatial scales

Soil heterogeneity and plant species diversity in experimental grassland communities: contrasting effects of soil nutrients and pH at different spatial scales

Ditches as species‐rich secondary habitats and refuge for meadow species in agricultural marsh grasslands

High turnover of fungal hyphae in incubation experiments

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