Effects of using TENS as Electro-tactile Feedback for Postural Balance under Muscle Fatigue Condition

Lee, Junyeong; Lee, Hosu; Eizad, Amre; Yoon, Jungwon

doi:10.23919/iccas52745.2021.9650070

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Furthermore, Afzal et al showed that proportionally increasing the intensity of VTF according to movement error significantly improved the gait symmetry of stroke survivors [35]. Additionally, in our previous exploratory study on TENS-based biofeedback, where the intensity of the stimulation provided to the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles using two pairs of electrodes varied according to the ML trunk tilt, improved the trunk tilt of healthy participants during one-leg stance under the fatigue condition [21]. Building upon these previous observations and the directional feedback related results of the current study, in future research, we intend to find an optimal electro-tactile feedback scheme that combines intensity encoding and directional information to help improve the standing and gait balance of patients such as stroke survivors.…”

Section: B Balance Studymentioning

confidence: 71%

“…The maximum current supplied by one TENS channel (electrode pair) is 36 mA at 1 k load resistance. The output signal is in the form of a train of bi-phasic asymmetrical square pulses with a frequency of 100 Hz and a width of 200 µs [20], [21]. The conventional TENS mode, which delivers high frequency and low intensity electrical pulses was used.…”

Section: B Electro-tactile Feedback Device (Etf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this system is difficult to use in daily life due to the inconvenience of use. We recently developed a novel TENS based ETF device and showed its potential for improving static balance in the mediolateral (ML) direction under muscle fatigue condition [21]. Since this was only a proof of concept, the ETF was given only in one dimension (ML) using two pairs of electrodes, and differences in the subjects' perception of each electrode pair's location were not considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A TENS Based System for 2-Dimensional Balance Biofeedback Under Muscle Fatigue Condition

Lee

Eizad

et al. 2023

IEEE Access

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Many balance assist or training systems have been developed to improve postural control, however these have limitations such as being bulky or unable to provide 2-dimensional feedback. Furthermore, efficiency of the commonly used vibro-tactile feedback modality can be reduced due to muscle fatigue. Therefore, we suggest a transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) based electro-tactile biofeedback system to provide efficient balance biofeedback even under muscle fatigue condition. A feedback scheme based on Stevens' power law is devised to provide 2-dimensional feedback using only four electrodes attached to the user's leg. A pilot test involving the tracking of directions indicated by stimuli was done to select the algorithm appropriate for use in the directional perception test and the balance study. The perception, in 8 directions, of electro-tactile cues delivered using the developed scheme is compared with that of vibro-tactile cues under both normal and fatigued conditions. In addition, we have done standing balance experiments to verify the effectiveness of the developed balance biofeedback scheme. 20 healthy participants took part in these experiments that were conducted under two conditions. The perception results show that under the fatigued condition, the electro-tactile modality is more perceptible than the vibro-tactile modality. Results of the balance biofeedback experiment with no feedback, continuous stimulation with and without dead-zone and directional feedback conditions show that directional electro-tactile feedback helped the most in improving the users' balance under normal and fatigued conditions. These promising results pave the way for future studies on the applications of this scheme for balance rehabilitation.INDEX TERMS Electro-tactile feedback, biofeedback, postural control, phantom sensation, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS).

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Section: B Balance Studymentioning

confidence: 71%

Section: B Electro-tactile Feedback Device (Etf)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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