Effects of utilization of local food by‐products as total mixed ration silage materials on fermentation quality and intake, digestibility, rumen condition and nitrogen availability in sheep

Abstract

Four wethers were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design experiment to evaluate in vivo digestibility of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with food by-products for dairy cows, and the ruminal condition and nitrogen (N) balance were examined. Five by-products (i.e. potato waste, noodle waste, soybean curd residue, soy sauce cake and green tea waste) were obtained. Four types of TMR silage were used: control (C) containing roughage and commercial concentrate, T1:20% and T1:40% containing the five by-products replacing 20% and 40% of the commercial concentrate on a dry matter (DM) basis, respectively, and T2:40% containing three by-products (potato waste, noodle waste and soybean curd residue) replacing 40% of the commercial concentrate on a DM basis. The ingredients were mixed and preserved in oil drum silos for 4 months. The TMR silages showed 4.02-4.44% and 1.75-2.19% for pH and lactic acid contents, respectively. The digestibility of DM and neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrient content were higher (P < 0.05) for T2:40% feeding than for C feeding. Urinary nitrogen excretion tended to be lower (P = 0.07) for T2:40% than for C. The results suggested 40% replacing of commercial concentrate by using the three food by-products can be most suitable for TMR silage.

Fermentation quality and nutritive value of total mixed ration silages based on desert wormwood (Artemisia desertorum Spreng.) combining with early stage corn

“…In this study, to obtain high-quality forage, the corn was sown on 12 June, 2013 and the resulting ESC was harvested on 25 August, 2013. Regarding fermentation characteristics, the TMR silage was well-fermented, as indicated by the low pH values and AN, and high LA contents (Yani et al 2015). As reported by Carpemtero et al (1969) and McDonald and Whittenbury (1973), pH values of ≤4.2 represent satisfactory fermentation, 4.3-4.5 represent intermediate range fermentation for well-preserved silage.…”

“…Regarding fermentation characteristics, the TMR silage was well‐fermented, as indicated by the low pH values and AN, and high LA contents (Yani et al . ). As reported by Carpemtero et al .…”

“…,b, ; Wang & Nishino ; Yani et al . ). Early stage corn is a good forage found in the desert steppes of China with a high crude protein (CP) concentration, high dry matter (DM) digestibility, and low fiber concentration (Xue et al .…”

“…The preparation of TMR silage has been used to resolve feed shortage issues by using widely available forage resources (Qiu et al 2014;Chen et al 2015). Total mixed ration silage can avoid the energy costs associated with drying, can improve the odors and flavors of unpalatable feed resources through silo fermentation (Cao et al 2009;Qiu et al 2014;Chen et al 2015), and can also have improved aerobic stability and animal performance (Nishino et al 2003;Xu et al 2007aXu et al ,b, 2008Wang & Nishino 2013;Yani et al 2015). Early stage corn is a good forage found in the desert steppes of China with a high crude protein (CP) concentration, high dry matter (DM) digestibility, and low fiber concentration (Xue et al 2017).…”

Effect of feeding tamarind kernel powder extract residue on digestibility, nitrogen availability and ruminal fermentation in wethers

“…Yani et al [6] demonstrated that intake and adequacy of total digestible nutrients (TDN) were significantly higher in dairy cows fed the TMR silage than those fed commercial concentrate-based TMR silage [6]. Later, Yani et al [7] studied the effects of utilization of local food by-products as TMR silage materials in sheep. The TMR silage including potato waste, noodle waste and soybean curd residue had significantly higher DM and neutral detergent fiber (aNDFom) digestibility and TDN content than control feeding which contained commercial concentrate in sheep [7].…”