“…Vacuum impregnation was applied in many products, such as beef cuts (Bampi, Domschke, Schmidt, & Laurindo, 2016), chicken breast cuts (Schmidt, Carciofi, & Laurindo, 2008), fresh-cut papayas (Yang, Wu, Ng, & Wang, 2017), jujube fruit (Lifen et al, 2019), fresh-cut apple (Mehmet & Ersus, 2018), pirarucu fillet (Martins, Chada, & Pena, 2019), Merluccius hubbsi hake fillets (Alejandra, Sofía, Silvina, Analía, & María, 2020), Minas cheese (Hofmeister, Souza, & Laurindo, 2005), Zaodan (Sun et al, 2018), and so on. Vacuum impregnation could promote the bidirectional mass transfer between the food structure and impregnation solution (Zhao & Xie, 2004).…”