Effects of vacuum polarization in hadron-hadron scattering

Abstract

To investigate the effect of vacuum polarization in the Coulomb interaction between hadrons, the relative differential cross section for elastic '^C-^^C scattering at Exs^h^^ MeV has been measured with high precision. The data are compared to theoretical calculations that take into account the contribution of the Uehling potential and other small contributions. Data and calculation agree within 1.5 standard deviations. This constitutes a test of the vacuum polarization on the 7% level.

Small effects in astrophysical fusion reactions

“…[16] for subbarrier fusion reactions using the formalism developed by Uehling [17]. Effects of vacuum polarization in 12 C − 12 C scattering at 4 MeV was subsequently experimentally observed [18]. Other small effects in elastic scattering at low energies have also been studied by several authors [19][20][21].…”

Calculation of relativistic effects in sub Coulomb heavy ion scattering

“…This work was mainly motivated by the experimental work of Vetterli et al [1], where vacuum polarization in nucleus nucleus sub Coulomb scattering has been measured. Hereby the relativistic effects have to be treated properly (beside other small effects), in order to extract them from the vacuum polarization.…”