Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on pupillary function

Jodoin, Véronique Desbeaumes; Lespérance, Paul; Nguyen, Dang Khoa; Fournier‐Gosselin, Marie‐Pierre; Richer, François

doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.10.001

Cited by 61 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…After animals recovered from the vagus nerve implant surgery, proper function of the cuff electrode was validated by measuring changes in heart rate and pupil size following VNS. Both heart rate reduction (Nearing et al, 2016) and pupil dilation (Desbeaumes Jodoin et al, 2015; Bianca and Komisaruk, 2007) in response to VNS have been reported previously. We measured pupil size fluctuations over time with and without 1 sec stimulation of the vagus nerve.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

“…Fluctuations in pupil diameter have been shown to correlate with changes in sensory spiking activity (McGinley et al, 2015; Vinck et al, 2015) and with adrenergic and cholinergic axon terminal activity in cortex (Reimer et al, 2016). As pupil dilation is observed following VNS (Bianca and Komisaruk, 2007; Desbeaumes Jodoin et al, 2015) and has been proposed as a readout of VNS efficacy (Mridha et al, 2019), we speculate that changes in the activity of A1 neurons following pairing of VNS with an acoustic stimulus could be mediated by two pathways (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…Recent work has shown that neuromodulatory activity is correlated with luminance-independent changes in pupil diameter (Joshi et al, 2016; Murphy et al, 2014; Desbeaumes Jodoin et al, 2015). Spontaneous fluctuations in pupil size are correlated with changes in sensory cortical activity (McGinley et al, 2015; Vinck et al, 2015) and track rapid changes in activity of adrenergic and cholinergic axon terminals in cortex (Reimer et al, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spontaneous fluctuations in pupil size are correlated with changes in sensory cortical activity (McGinley et al, 2015; Vinck et al, 2015) and track rapid changes in activity of adrenergic and cholinergic axon terminals in cortex (Reimer et al, 2016). Pupil dilation has also been observed following VNS (Bianca and Komisaruk, 2007; Desbeaumes Jodoin et al, 2015) and has been proposed as a biomarker for effective stimulation (Mridha et al, 2019). Because both VNS and changes in pupil diameter are associated with fluctuations in cortical activity, we considered the possibility that acute effects of VNS in A1 could be explained by the global changes in arousal registered in pupil dilation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Learning and Evoked Activity in Auditory Cortex

Lai

David

2019

Preprint

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2Chronic vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) can facilitate learning of sensory and motor behaviors. 3 VNS is believed to trigger release of neuromodulators, including norepinephrine and acetylcholine, 4 which can mediate cortical plasticity associated with learning. Most previous work has studied 5 effects of VNS over many days, and less is known about how acute VNS influences neural coding 6 and behavior over the shorter term. To explore this question, we measured effects of VNS on 7 learning of an auditory discrimination over 1-2 days. Ferrets implanted with cuff electrodes on 8 the vagus nerve were trained by classical conditioning on a tone frequency-reward association. 9 One tone was associated with reward while another tone, was not. The frequencies and reward 10 associations of the tones were changed every two days, requiring learning of a new relationship. 11 When the tones (both rewarded and non-rewarded) were paired with VNS, rates of learning 12 increased on the first day following a change in reward association. To examine VNS effects 13 on auditory coding, we recorded single-and multi-unit neural activity in primary auditory cortex 14 (A1) of passively listening animals following brief periods of VNS (20 trials/session) paired with 15 tones. Because afferent VNS induces changes in pupil size associated with fluctuations in 16 neuromodulation, we also measured pupil during recordings. After pairing VNS with a neuron's 17 1 Jesyin Lai Short-term VNSbest-frequency (BF) tone, responses in a subpopulation of neurons were reduced. Pairing with 18 an off-BF tone or performing VNS during the inter-trial interval had no effect on responses. 19 We separated the change in A1 activity into two components, one that could be predicted by 20 fluctuations in pupil and one that persisted after VNS and was not accounted for by pupil. The 21 BF-specific reduction in neural responses remained, even after regressing out changes that 22 could be explained by pupil. In addition, the size of VNS-mediated changes in pupil predicted the 23 magnitude of persistent changes in the neural response. This interaction suggests that changes 24 in neuromodulation associated with arousal gate the long-term effects of VNS on neural activity. 25 Taken together, these results support a role for VNS in auditory learning and help establish VNS 26 as a tool to facilitate neural plasticity. 27 28

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 66%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Short-term Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Learning and Evoked Activity in Auditory Cortex

Lai

David

2019

Preprint

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“…Dorr & Debonnel, 2006;Follesa et al, 2007). Similarly, VNS has been associated with increased activity in the LC, the main hub for NE synthesis, in humans (Desbeaumes et al, 2015;Frangos et al, 2014). NE is involved in the formation and consolidation of new memories by increasing the excitation and synaptic plasticity of the target neurons (for a review, see Mueller & Cahill, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed evidence for transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation to improve the extinction and retention of fear.

Burger¹,

Verkuil²,

Fenlon³

et al. 2017

Preprint

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Situational States Influence on Team Workload Demands in Cyber Defense Exercise

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Sütterlin

Knox

et al. 2021

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Cyber operations are increasingly automated processes that can occur at computational speed with the intent of reducing, or denying time for good decision making or time to ground communication between human agents. There is a lack of performance measures and metrics in cyber operation settings. One potential setting describing human performance could be emotional stability under stress. Measures of higher individual affective variability indicate more emotional adaptability and allows for measuring individuals as dynamic systems. Previous research in other security-sensitive high-stake situations has shown that individuals with less emotional adaptability display maladaptive behaviors while individuals with more emotional adaptability can adapt more efficiently to changing situations, show more confidence in their own abilities and skills, and display better performance. We hypothesized that measurements of affective variability during a cyber defense exercise will be associated with team workload demands. Data was collected from 13 cadets during the Norwegian Defence Cyber Academy's annual Cyber Defense Exercise. Three indicators of individual affective variability were measured daily with the Self-Assessment Manikin and compared to scores on the Team Workload Questionnaire. We found that affective variability was negatively associated with team workload demands. Participants with higher affective variability, as measured by the Self-Assessment Manikin, will impose less workload demands on the team, which can lead to better outcomes. This is the first study to assess how individual emotional adaptability affects team dynamics in a cyber defense setting. Future research should include variable measurements as they may have better explanatory power for performance measurements.

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Effects of vagus nerve stimulation on pupillary function

Cited by 61 publications

References 43 publications

Short-term Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Learning and Evoked Activity in Auditory Cortex

Short-term Effects of Vagus Nerve Stimulation on Learning and Evoked Activity in Auditory Cortex

Mixed evidence for transcutaneous vagal nerve stimulation to improve the extinction and retention of fear.

Situational States Influence on Team Workload Demands in Cyber Defense Exercise

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