Effects of vanadate on intracellular reduction equivalents in mouse liver and the fate of vanadium in plasma, erythrocytes and liver

Vanadium and proteins: Uptake, transport, structure, activity and function

“…All studies on the interaction of Hb and V with hemoglobin concern the oxidation state IV, because V V is reduced to V IV in the reducing environment of the red blood cells [89,154,166,167,168,169,170,171,172,173,174]. In particular, vanadate(V) crosses the cell M a n u s c r i p t 29 membrane via anion channels [170] [161] and initially binds to the phosphate-binding site of (Na,K)-ATPase on the cytoplasmatic side of the membrane [170].…”

Vanadium in diabetes: 100 years from Phase 0 to Phase I

“…Other delimiters were found to be the initial oxidation state of the vanadium compound [96,125], how severely diabetic the animals were at the start of treatment [82,126], the presence or absence of endogenous insulin stores [127,128], how much sucrose was included in the diet of experimental animals [129] and renal insufficiency, which could increase serum and tissue vanadium independent of other factors [130]. Aside from physiological factors, biomolecular processes also play a role in determining the fate of exogenous vanadium compounds [43,61,131] (vide infra).…”

Redox Chemistry in the Reaction of Oxovanadium(V) with Thiolate‐Containing Ligands: the Isolation and Characterization of Non‐Oxo Vanadium(IV) Complexes Containing Disulfide and Thioether Groups

“…[8] The toxicity of vanadium in biological systems is not well understood, however, it has been shown that the injection of vanadate in mice decreased the cellular level of glutathione, an essential antioxidant in the cell. [9] Vanadium complexes with S-donor ligands have been shown to have insulin-mimetic antidiabetic activity. [10] From this information, efforts have been made to understand the fundamental chemistry of high-valent vanadium complexes with thiolate ligands that have similar functional groups to those in cysteine and glutathione.…”