Effects of variations in washing on the formaldehyde release properties of durable press cottons

Reinhardt, Robert M.; Andrews, B.A. Kottes

doi:10.1021/ie00065a007

Cited by 1 publication

(2 citation statements)

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“…Hard water (>150 mg/L calcium carbonate) has been shown to increase the amount of formaldehyde release from cottons, as compared to those washed with deionised water. 18 Water hardness varies geographically with the highest concentration of calcium carbonate in the United States found in the Midwest or Mountain regions (121-250 mg/L) and lowest in the Southeast, Northeast and Pacific Northwest (0-60 mg/L). 19 This study was performed in Minneapolis, Minnesota: a region with harder water (121-250 mg/L), meaning that the formaldehyde release in this study may have been higher than if performed in an area of softer water (0-60 mg/L).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, water hardness influences pH and theoretically could impact the results of this study. Hard water (>150 mg/L calcium carbonate) has been shown to increase the amount of formaldehyde release from cottons, as compared to those washed with deionised water 18 . Water hardness varies geographically with the highest concentration of calcium carbonate in the United States found in the Midwest or Mountain regions (121–250 mg/L) and lowest in the Southeast, Northeast and Pacific Northwest (0–60 mg/L) 19 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Negative formaldehyde release from textiles washed with a formaldehyde‐containing laundry soap according to manufacturer instructions: An application of chromotropic acid testing

Battis,

Ekstein,

Shaik

et al. 2023

Contact Dermatitis

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BackgroundFormaldehyde is a common preservative used to prevent microbial growth in water. It can be found in personal care products and household cleaning products, including laundry detergents. Formaldehyde has frequently been recognised as a cause of allergic contact dermatitis, but whether it remains present in textiles washed with formaldehyde‐containing laundry detergents is unknown.ObjectivesThis study aimed to utilise the chromotropic acid method (CAM) to assess formaldehyde release from textiles washed with a laundry detergent known to contain formaldehyde.Materials and MethodsTextiles were laundered with a detergent containing calcium formate at four concentrations (0×, 0.5×, 1× and 5× the recommended amount per manufacturer label) and kept wet or allowed to dry. Select textiles were subjected to an additional rinse cycle. Textiles were then tested utilising the CAM. A sample of the pure laundry detergent was also tested using the CAM.ResultsThe CAM was positive only for wet textiles washed at 5× the recommended concentration of detergent and pure detergent. All dry textiles were negative.ConclusionsFormaldehyde release was not detected from any textiles washed following the manufacturer's recommendations. Once dry, it is likely safe for formaldehyde‐allergic patients to wear textiles washed with formaldehyde‐containing detergents.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%