Effects of varied air velocity on sweating and evaporative rates during exercise

Adams, W. T.; Mack, Gary W.; Langhans, G.; Nadel, E. R.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1992.73.6.2668

Cited by 122 publications

(95 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…However, frontal and lateral area tend to produce less sweat production compared to the rear. This trend can be linked with the Wndings of Adams et al (1992) who reported that sweat production is correlated with air velocity. Additionally, sweat production is associated with skin temperature.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…Our tests showed an average sweat production of 1.2 mg/ min cm 2 when a forced convection of 3 m/s was applied. As air velocity alters sweat production (Adams et al 1992) and taken into account that this eVect tempers towards the rear of the head, it could explain the diVerences between both researches. The most apparent diVerence between both researches was their Wnding that sweat production is signiWcantly diVerent between diVerent positions on the scull, while our research did only observe a trend towards more sweat production at the rear.…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial differences in sensible and latent heat losses under a bicycle helmet

Bruyne

Aerts

Perre³

et al. 2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

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This research aims at quantifying spatial gradients in skin temperature and sweat production under a bicycle helmet. Distribution of sweat production, skin temperature and air temperature was measured at different positions under a bicycle helmet on five male and four female test persons. Effort level was 100 and 150 watt for men (low and high effort level) and 80 and 120 W for women (low and high effort level). Skin temperatures were found to be spatially different (P < 0.05): frontal and lateral region varied 4.6 degrees C at low effort level and 5.3 degrees C at high effort level. Sweat production was found to be not significantly different (P > 0.05). Finally, air temperature variations were found to be spatially different (P < 0.05). Average air temperature differed 2.3 degrees C between lateral and frontal region at high effort level and 2.7 degrees C at low effort level. The results of this research can be used to help designing helmets with better thermal comfort.

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Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 59%

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial differences in sensible and latent heat losses under a bicycle helmet

Bruyne

Aerts

Perre³

et al. 2008

Eur J Appl Physiol

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“…Laboratory studies have been criticized 42 as exaggerating the physiologic strain attributed to dehydration due to a lack of sufficient wind velocity. Differences in cooling as a result of varying wind velocities have been demonstrated in a laboratory setting 43 ; however, Dugas et al 44 showed that very high wind speeds (.20 m/s) could offset dehydration levels of approximately 4%. An examination of the effect of wind velocity in a warm environment had never been performed with participants who were dehydrated up to approximately 4% in the field.…”

Section: Submaximal Running (Hys and Dys)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Hydration on Physiological Function and Performance During Trail Running in the Heat

Casa

Stearns

Lopez

et al. 2010

Journal of Athletic Training

157

122

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Context: Authors of most field studies have not observed decrements in physiologic function and performance with increases in dehydration, although authors of well-controlled laboratory studies have consistently reported this relationship. Investigators in these field studies did not control exercise intensity, a known modulator of body core temperature.Objective: To directly examine the effect of moderate water deficit on the physiologic responses to various exercise intensities in a warm outdoor setting.Design: Semirandomized, crossover design. Setting: Field setting. Patients or Other Participants: Seventeen distance runners (9 men, 8 women; age 5 27 6 7 years, height 5 171 6 9 cm, mass 5 64.2 6 9.0 kg, body fat 5 14.6% 6 5.5%).Intervention(s): Participants completed four 12-km runs (consisting of three 4-km loops) in the heat (average wet bulb globe temperature 5 26.56C): (1) a hydrated, race trial (HYR), (2) a dehydrated, race trial (DYR), (3) a hydrated, submaximal trial (HYS), and (4) a dehydrated, submaximal trial (DYS).Main Outcome Measure(s): For DYR and DYS trials, dehydration was measured by body mass loss. In the submaximal trials, participants ran at a moderate pace that was matched by having them speed up or slow down based on pace feedback provided by researchers. Intestinal temperature was recorded using ingestible thermistors, and participants wore heart rate monitors to measure heart rate.Results: Body mass loss in relation to a 3-day baseline was greater for the DYR (24.30% 6 1.25%) and DYS trials (24.59% 6 1.32%) than for the HYR (22.05% 6 1.09%) and HYS (22.0% 6 1.24%) trials postrun (P , .001). Participants ran faster for the HYR (53.15 6 6.05 minutes) than for the DYR (55.7 6 7.45 minutes; P , .01), but speed was similar for HYS (59.57 6 5.31 minutes) and DYS (59.44 6 5.44 minutes; P . .05). Intestinal temperature immediately postrun was greater for DYR than for HYR (P , .05), the only significant difference. Intestinal temperature was greater for DYS than for HYS postloop 2, postrun, and at 10 and 20 minutes postrun (all: P , .001). Intestinal temperature and heart rate were 0.226C and 6 beats/min higher, respectively, for every additional 1% body mass loss during the DYS trial compared with the HYS trial.Conclusions: A small decrement in hydration status impaired physiologic function and performance while trail running in the heat.Key Words: environmental physiology, dehydration, rehydration, core temperature, heart rate Key Points N The physiologic and performance decrements associated with dehydration that exist in laboratory settings also exist in field settings. N Methodologic challenges in the field setting make isolating these effects difficult.

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“…In fact, hyperthermia leads to reduced stroke volume and consequently an increase in heart rate without noticeable changes in VO2 (González-Alonso et al, 1999). In our study, the average environmental temperature was 20-22 °C for laboratory and 24-26°C for velodrome testing, however the airflow during the velodrome test can deeply affect thermoregulatory effectiveness (Adams et al, 1992) and, by consequence, heart rate response. In our study the possible differences in thermoregulation between both test conditions did not affect the external power (no significant differences were found for peak power).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 71%

Stationary roller versus velodrome for maximal cycling test: a comparison

Brito¹,

Lopes²,

Conceição³

et al. 2014

JHSE

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Brito, J., Lopes, L., Conceição, A., Costa A.M. & Louro, H. (2014). Wheelchair Stationary roller versus velodrome for maximal cycling test: a comparison. J. Hum. Sport Exerc., 9(1), pp.7-16. The present study aimed to compare the acute cardio-respiratory responses of elite cyclists to a maximal progressive exercise carried out in two different conditions: in a laboratory (using a braked roller) and in an uncovered velodrome. In both testing conditions, ten elite male cyclists (age, 22.3 ± 3.9 years) performed a maximal discontinuous progressive test of 6 minutes per level with 150 W of initial load and increasing 50 W at each level until exhaustion. The heart rate and the ventilation parameters were measured breath-by-breath using a portable metabolic cart gas analysis system with telemetry data transmission. In the first 4 levels of effort, no significant differences were found between the two test conditions regarding VO2, (p=0.193), heart rate (p=0.973) and pedaling cadence (p=0.116). Comparing the maximum values achieved by each athlete in both exercise conditions, significant differences were found for heart rate (p=0.008) and pedaling cadence (p=0.005) but not for VO2max and peak power. Each variable showed a strong correlation between both assessments (VO2, r=0.984, p=0,000; heart rate, r=0.944, p=0.005; pedaling cadence, r=0.900, p=0.014). The amount of variability explained by the linear regression model for both cardio-respiratory parameters also showed a good fit value close to one (VO2max, r2=0.968; heart rate, r2=0.892). Our results suggest that identical cycling protocols conducted in different testing conditions with the same bike leads to equivalent performance but significantly different pedaling cadence and heart rate responses.

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Effects of varied air velocity on sweating and evaporative rates during exercise

Cited by 122 publications

References 14 publications

Spatial differences in sensible and latent heat losses under a bicycle helmet

Spatial differences in sensible and latent heat losses under a bicycle helmet

Influence of Hydration on Physiological Function and Performance During Trail Running in the Heat

Stationary roller versus velodrome for maximal cycling test: a comparison

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