Effects of various drugs on bladder function in conscious restrained-denervated rats placed in a restraining cage and produced by transection of the hypogastric nerve.

Morikawa, Kouji; Kakiuchi, Masato; Fukuoka, Miki; Kobayashi, Hideo; Ito, Yasuo; Gomi, Yasuo

doi:10.1254/jjp.52.405

Cited by 32 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Although many kinds of rodents are considered suitable for urodynamic study, rats are most commonly used for the estimation of bladder storage and voiding functions in normal animals and disease models so far [3] . Considering the obvious impact of anesthesia on bladder function as previously reported [5,8,16,17] , it is widely suggested that urodynamic examination should, both in animals and humans, be carried out in a conscious state that is more close to the situation of everyday life.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These existing approaches can be classified into two categories with rats placed in restraining cages or capacious cabinets where they can move freely during cystometry [3,7,8,10] . However, the latter always require specific devices and apparatuses, which limits its application.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To our knowledge, there is only one previous study which compared very limited urodynamic parameters of rats in these two states [8] . In that investigation, the authors reported great variance of bladder capacity and decreased bladder capacity in freely moving rats compared to restrained rats, and based on the findings, they further proposed that hypogastric nerve activity in conscious rats was stimulated by restraint.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous studies, rats were kept in a wide transparent or metabolic cage where they could move freely during conscious urodynamic test [3,8] . It is well known that urodynamic examination in freely moving rats is always accompanied with high incidence of catheter falling off or twisting, catheter disconnection, or Biao CHEN, E-mail: chenbiao027@163.com # Corresponding author, E-mail: 1798226286@qq.com other technical issues, which could directly or indirectly result in incorrect measurements and may lead to increased use of animals [3] .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Urodynamic characteristics of awake rats under retrained versus freely moving condition: Using a novel model

Chen

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2016

J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. [Med. Sci.]

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Urodynamic investigation in conscious rats is widely employed to explore functional bladder disorders of various etiologies and pathogeneses. Rats can be placed in restraining cages or wide cabinets where they are allowed to move freely during cystometry. However, the requirements of special devices hampered the application of urodynamic test in freely moving rats, and whether the restraint has any effects on urodynamic parameters in conscious rats remains obscure. In the present study, we described a novel approach for urodynamic investigation in both restrained and freely moving conscious rats. In addition, we for the first time systematically compared the urodynamic parameters of rats in the two conditions. With the current method, we successfully recorded stable and repeatable intravesical pressure traces and collected expected reliable data, which supported the idea that the restraint does not affect the activity of the micturition reflex in rats, provided sufficient and appropriate measures could be applied during cystometry. Fewer technique problems were encountered during urodynamic examination in restrained rats than in freely moving ones. Taken together, conscious cystometry in rats placed in restraining cages with proper managements is a reliable and practical approach for evaluating the detrusor activity and bladder function.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urodynamic characteristics of awake rats under retrained versus freely moving condition: Using a novel model

Chen

Zhang

Tian

et al. 2016

J. Huazhong Univ. Sci. Technol. [Med. Sci.]

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“…On the other hand, conscious (9,18,43,49,50) and anesthetized (14,24,26,42,48,51,57,58) rodents are mainstays for in vivo studies. Voluntary micturition "behavior" in conscious animals, however, can be affected by stress from circumstances (31,36) or drugs that change the mood of the animal (37,44), and thus greater attention should be paid to the use of the model. Anesthesia such as urethane may cause pharmacological interactions (52) and disturb efficient voiding (56), while it remains a choice because of its convenience and suitability in in vivo neurophysiological and pharmacological experiments to study "reflex" micturition (25,29).…”

Section: Ajp-regul Integr Comp Physiolmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex-related differences in activity of lower urinary tract in response to intravesical acid irritation in decerebrate unanesthetized mice

Yoshiyama¹,

Kobayashi²,

Araki³

et al. 2008

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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related differences in lower urinary tract (LUT) activity responding to intravesical infusion of diluted acetic acid (A/A, pH 3.0) were investigated during cystometrograms in decerebrate unanesthetized mice. A/A produced a decrease of intercontraction intervals in both female and male animals, and the extent of the decrease in male mice was much less than in female mice [19 Ϯ 5% (P ϭ 0.03) vs. 65 Ϯ 5% (P ϭ 0.03); n ϭ 6 for each], exhibiting a marked difference between the two groups in response to acid irritation of the LUT (P ϭ 0.002). A/A reduced maximal voiding pressure (MVP) (19 Ϯ 4%, P ϭ 0.03) but had no effect on pressure threshold for inducing voiding contraction (PT) (P ϭ 0.56) in females, whereas A/A did not change MVP (P ϭ 1.00) but increased PT (16 Ϯ 4%, P ϭ 0.03) in males. A/A decreased bladder compliances of female and male mice in a similar fashion (44 Ϯ 10% vs. 24 Ϯ 7%, P ϭ 0.03 for each). In male mice, A/A produced persistent dribbling of fluid after voiding contraction phase, which was virtually not seen in females. The present study demonstrates the differences between female and male mice in response to noxious stimulation in the LUT: the female bladder is more sensitive to the acid irritation, while the male urethra is more irritable to the noxious stimulus. Identification of mechanisms underlying sex-specific characteristics might be helpful for elucidating pathogenesis of painful bladder syndrome. afferent; bladder tonus; detrusor contractility; efferent; urethral resistance NUMEROUS IN VIVO PHYSIOLOGICAL and pharmacological studies examining bladder and urethral activity have been conducted exclusively in one sex of animals in each experimental design, and thus it is uncertain whether functional responses of female and male lower urinary tracts are similar. There are only a few articles detailing differences between females and males in the lower urinary tract functions. Of the available reports, for example, one previous study comparing female and male rats in cystometry revealed that volume thresholds for inducing micturition were changed in accordance with altered intravesical infusion rates in the female rat, whereas these were constant regardless of the bladder filling rates in the male (24). The study suggested the possibility that mechanosensory afferent responses to intensity of the mechanical stimulus were different between the female and male animals.Epidemiologic studies have demonstrated sex-specific differences in prevalence and incidence of certain diseases. In the urological field, it has been well documented that prevalence and incidence of interstitial cystitis, which is a syndrome consisting of severe refractory bladder symptoms such as suprapubic pain, urinary frequency, and urgency without a specific identifiable cause, for women are significantly higher than those for men (10). What pathophysiological factors are involved in these sex-related differences?Here, we proposed the possibilities that sex differences in mechanisms responsible for transmitting inflammatory pai...

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Rat: Overview and innervation

Steers

1994

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Despite the development of molecular and cellular methods for examining physiological processes, the use of the whole animal model remains essential to advance knowledge regarding the integration and coordination of events associated with urinary tract function. The rat offers an inexpensive and versatile species to investigate bladder and urethral responses to drugs or pathology. Models for many disorders have been developed in rodents including diabetes, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injury, Parkinson's disease, bladder outlet obstruction, pain, and aging. This review examines methodologies to evaluate lower urinary tract function and manipulations used to create pathological models in rodents.

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Effects of various drugs on bladder function in conscious restrained-denervated rats placed in a restraining cage and produced by transection of the hypogastric nerve.

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

Urodynamic characteristics of awake rats under retrained versus freely moving condition: Using a novel model

Urodynamic characteristics of awake rats under retrained versus freely moving condition: Using a novel model

Sex-related differences in activity of lower urinary tract in response to intravesical acid irritation in decerebrate unanesthetized mice

Rat: Overview and innervation

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