Effects of various seed priming on morphological, physiological, and biochemical traits of rice under chilling stress

Abstract

Introduction/BackgroundDirect-seeded rice is exceptionally vulnerable to chilling stress, especially at the seed germination and seedling growth stages in the early season of the double cropping system.MethodsTherefore, we conducted two experiments to evaluate the role of various seed primings and their different concentrations of plant growth regulators [experiment 1—abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellin (GA3), salicylic acid (SA), brassinolide (BR), paclobutrazol, uniconazole (UN), melatonin (MT), and jasmonic acid (JA)] and osmopriming substances (chitosan, polyethylene glycol 6000 (PEG6000), and CaCl2) and experiment 2—GA, BR (two best), CaCl2 (worst), and control (CK)] on rice seedlings under low temperature condition.ResultsResults showed that the maximum germination rate of 98% was recorded in GA3 (10 mgL−1) and BR (0.3 mgL−1) among treatments. Compared to CK, root and shoot length were improved in ABA (0.5 mgL−1) and GA3 (100 mgL−1) by 64% and 68%, respectively. At the same time, root and shoot weights (fresh and dry) were enhanced in Paclobutrazol (300 mgL−1) and GA3 among treatments. Furthermore, the average root volume, average root diameter, and total root surface area were increased by 27%, 38%, and 33% in Paclobutrazol (300 mgL−1), Paclobutrazol (200 mgL−1) and JA (1 mgL−1) treatments, respectively compared to CK. In the second experiment, a respective increase of 26%, 19%, 38%, and 59% was noted in SOD, POD, CAT, and APX enzyme activities in GA treatment compared to CK. Similarly, proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein, and GA content were also improved by 42%, 25.74%, 27%, and 19%, respectively, in GA treatment compared to CK. However, a respective reduction of 21% and 18% was noted in MDA and ABA content in GA treatment compared to CK. Our finding highlighted that better germination of primed-rice seedlings was associated with fresh and dry weights of the roots and shoots and the average root volume of the seedlings.DiscussionOur results suggested that GA3 (10 mg L−1) and BR (0.3 mg L−1) seed priming prevent rice seedlings from chilling-induced oxidative stress by regulating antioxidant enzyme activities and maintaining ABA, GA, MDA, soluble sugar, and protein content. However, further studies (transcriptome and proteome) are needed to explore the molecular mechanisms involved in seed priming-induced chilling tolerance under field conditions.

Seed priming of stored seeds on seed germination, vegetative performance, flowering, and proline content in chili under water stress condition

“…Moreover, [10] and [25] stated that triggering the metabolic process through seed drying and hydration prior to germination due to priming treatment could increase the percentage and rate of germination, and improve seedling growth either under normal or under various abiotic stresses. The results were also consistent with earlier studies that found that hydro, osmo, or hormone priming improved seed germination in stored okra seeds [26], and chili [28,29]. [4] further stated that invigoration strategies such as hydro priming, osmo conditioning, and hormonal priming were able to shorten the emergence time of stored seeds in various horticultural crops.…”

Analysis of physiological response and differential protein expression of Paramichelia baillonii saplings under phosphorus deficiency

“…After that, all samples were heated at 100°C for 20 min in a water bath and at 10,000 g after cooling for 5 min. At 440, 532, and 600 nm, the absorbance of the samples was reported, and the MDA content was expressed in μmol g −1 FW (Spitz and Oberley 1989; Zhang et al, 2023a). Moreover, the soluble protein content was determined by following the Bradford method (Bradford, 1976), while the anthrone colorimetric method was used for the determination of soluble sugar (Buysse and Merckx 1993).…”

“…After that, all samples were heated at 100 C for 20 min in a water bath and at 10,000 g after cooling for 5 min. At 440, 532, and 600 nm, the absorbance of the samples was reported, and the MDA content was expressed in μmol g À1 FW (Spitz and Oberley 1989;Zhang et al, 2023a).…”

Ascorbic acid releases dormancy and promotes germination by an integrated regulation of abscisic acid and gibberellin in Pyrus betulifolia seeds

“…ABA and GA 3 were determined using the method of Zhang et al (2023) with some modifications. After seeds (1 g) were ground in liquid nitrogen and incubated with 80% methanol at 4°C, they were centrifuged at 8000 g for 15 min.…”