Effects of varying salinities on the toxicity of potassium permanganate to larval and juvenile striped bass, Morone saxatilis (Walbaum)

Abstract

Abstract. Eight‐day‐old striped bass, Morone saxatilus (Walbaum) larvae, and one‐month‐old juveniles were held in varying salinities and exposed to a range of concentrations of potassium permanganate. Lethal concentrations of potassium permanganate for 50% of the larval fish exposed for96h (96h LC50) were 1middot;02, 2 middot;11, 1 middot;41 and 1 middot;73mg/1 for salinities of 0, 3, 6and 9 g/l, respectively; The 96h LC50S for juveniles were 0 middot;96, 3 middot;26, 1 middot;63 and 1 middot;48 mg/l for salinities of 0, 5, 10 and 15g/l, respectively. There were significant differences in 96h LC50 values at different salinities for both life stages. The 96 h LC50 values derived for both life stages revealed a decrease in toxicity as salinity increased from 0 to 3–5g/l. Results indicated potassium permanganate to be toxic in fresh water to striped bass larvae and fingerlings at recommended treatment levels (3 middot;0mg/l).

Comparison of the Acute Toxicity of Potassium Permanganate to Hybrid Striped Bass in Well Water and Diluted Well Water

“…Bills et al (1993) determined the 24 and 96-h LC50 values for KMnO, for l-g juvenile striped bass to be 3.52 and 1.58 mg/L, respectively, in reconstituted soft water (hardness = 40-48 mg/L as CaCO,, water temperature = 17 C). Reardon and Harrell (1994) estimated the 96-h LC50 value for 1-mo-old striped bass juveniles in ground water (alkalinity = 93 mgL, hardness = 54 mg/L, pH = 9.1, temp = 23 C) to be 0.96 mg/L KMn0,. The 96-h LC50 values Reardon and Harrell (1994) reported for juvenile striped bass indicated greater KMnO, toxicity than those cited by Hughes (1971) and Wellborn (1969); differences were contributed to various water quality characteristics and organic content.…”

“…Reardon and Harrell (1994) estimated the 96-h LC50 value for 1-mo-old striped bass juveniles in ground water (alkalinity = 93 mgL, hardness = 54 mg/L, pH = 9.1, temp = 23 C) to be 0.96 mg/L KMn0,. The 96-h LC50 values Reardon and Harrell (1994) reported for juvenile striped bass indicated greater KMnO, toxicity than those cited by Hughes (1971) and Wellborn (1969); differences were contributed to various water quality characteristics and organic content. The high pH of their test water may have resulted in higher toxicity as compared to the other studies.…”

“…The lethal effect of exposure to KMnO, appears to be unrelated to metallic manganese toxicity, but rather the strong oxidative action of the Mn0,-ion . In a study of the effects of varying salinities on the toxicity of KMnO, to juvenile striped bass, Reardon and Harrell (1994) reported that K M n O , caused structural gill damage and that tolerance to KMnO, was lowest in freshwater where the osmotic or ionic imbalance was greatest. While studying the histological effects of KMnO, exposure on channel catfish, Darwish et al (2002) noted similar gill lesions, necrosis, spongiosis, epithelial hyperplasia, hypertrophy, and lamellar fusion as noted by Cruz and Tamse (1986) in milkfish Chanos chanus Forsskal, by Dureza (1988) in Nile tilapia Tilupiu niloticu, and by Das and Kaviraj (1994) in common carp Cyprinus carpio.…”

“…The acute toxicity of KMnO, to various fish species has been studied (Marking and Bills 1975;Tucker 1987), including several studies investigating striped bass (Wellborn 1969;Hughes 1971;Bills et al 1993;Reardon and Harrell 1994); however, there are no data for hybrid striped bass. The present study determined the acute toxicity of KMnO, to hybrid striped bass in waters composed of filtered well water or filtered well water diluted with deionized water to adjust its alkalinity and hardness.…”

Evaluation of the secondary stress response in healthy Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) after treatment with a mixture of formalin, malachite green and methylene blue

“…It is reported that a decrease in plasma calcium in rainbow trout exposed to 200 mg/L formalin over a 6‐h period ( Reardon & Harrel 1994). Srivastava, Singh, Srivastava & Ranjana (1995) stated that exposure to malachite green to a concentration of 0.2 mg/L for 96 h caused a significant depletion in the serum calcium level.…”