Effects of Varying the Threshold of Alarm Systems and Task Complexity on Human Performance and Perceived Workload

Bustamante, Ernesto A.; Anderson, Brittany L.; Bliss, James P.

doi:10.1177/154193120404801633

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Figure 6 shows the mean minimum warning times for this test data for various alarm settings. The drawback to this increase in warning time would be an increase in false positive rate, potentially leading to diver refusal to use or acknowledge the alarm on working dives [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dewey monitor: Pulse oximetry can independently detect hypoxia in a rebreather diver

Lance

Natoli

Dunworth

et al. 2017

UHM

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_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Rebreather diving has one of the highest fatality rates per man hour of any diving activity in the world. The leading cause of death is hypoxia, typically from equipment or procedural failures. Hypoxia causes very few symptoms prior to causing loss of consciousness. Additionally, since the electronics responsible for controlling oxygen levels in rebreathers often control their alarm systems, frequently divers do not receive any external warnings.This study investigated the use of a forehead pulse oximeter as an independent warning device in the event of rebreather failure. Ten test subjects (seven male, three female, median age 29, range 26-35) exercised at a targeted rate of 2 L/minute oxygen consumption while on a non-functional rebreather breathing loop (mean consumption achieved 2.09 ± 0.36 L/minute).Each subject was tested both at the surface and at pressurized depth of 77 fsw (starting pO 2 =0.7 atm). The data show that a pulse oximeter could be used to provide an Mk 16 rebreather diver with a minimum mean of 49 seconds (± 17 seconds SD) of warning time after a noticeable change in blood oxygen saturation (SpO 2 ≤ 95%) but before any risk of loss of consciousness (calculated SpO 2 ≤ 80%), so that the diver may take mitigating actions. No statistical difference in warning time was found between the tests at surface and at 77 fsw (P=0.46).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Dewey monitor: Pulse oximetry can independently detect hypoxia in a rebreather diver

Lance

Natoli

Dunworth

et al. 2017

UHM

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“…In this case, false alarms are a source of annoyance to the operator who must attend to them, increasing workload to undesirable levels. Moreover, missed alarms may not be as hazardous since the operator is already attending to most systems and managing all tasks (Bustamante et al 2004).…”

Section: Workloadmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Important Cognitive Concepts in Aviation

Martins

2016

Aviation

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Even considering the current low accident rate in aviation, the anticipated growth in the number of airplanes in the air in the next decades will lead to an inadmissible rise in the number of accidents. These have been mostly attributed to human error and a misunderstanding of automation by the crew, especially during periods of high workload and stress in the cockpit. Therefore, increased safety requires not only advances in technology, but improved cockpit design including better human-machine interface. These cannot be achieved however, without considering some of the cognitive constructs that affect the behaviour of pilots in the cockpit. In fact, given its characteristics and public visibility, the flight deck of commercial jets is one of the most common arenas for the study of complex and skilled human performance. Here I present a literature review on the selected topics of workload, situation awareness, stress and automation in the cockpit, with the goal of supporting the development of new technologies.

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“…Benefits of such alarm systems can be described in terms of reduced workload and a performance increase in the alarm supported task as well as in concurrent tasks as operators gain more spare capacities, which can be reallocated (e.g. Bustamante, Anderson & Bliss, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Operators’ Adaption to Unreliability of Alarm Systems: A Performance and Eye-Tracking Analysis

Onnasch

Ruff

Manzey

2012

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual

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Operators in complex environments are supported by alarm-systems that indicate when to shift attention to certain tasks. As alarms are not perfectly reliable, operators have to select appropriate strategies of attention allocation in order to compensate for unreliability and maintain overall performance. This study investigates how humans adapt to differing alarm-reliabilities. Within a multi-tasking flight simulation, participants were randomly assigned to four alarm-reliability conditions (68.75%, 75%, 87.5%, 93.75%), and a manual control group. In experimental conditions, one out of three subtasks was supported by an alarmsystem. Compared to manual control, all experimental groups benefited from alarms in the supported task, with best results for the highest reliability condition. However, analyses of performance and eye-tracking data revealed that the benefit of the lowest reliability group was associated with an increased attentional effort, a more demanding attention allocation strategy, and a declined relative performance in a nonsupported task. Results are discussed in the context of recent research.

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Effects of Varying the Threshold of Alarm Systems and Task Complexity on Human Performance and Perceived Workload

Cited by 11 publications

References 13 publications

The Dewey monitor: Pulse oximetry can independently detect hypoxia in a rebreather diver

The Dewey monitor: Pulse oximetry can independently detect hypoxia in a rebreather diver

A Review of Important Cognitive Concepts in Aviation

Operators’ Adaption to Unreliability of Alarm Systems: A Performance and Eye-Tracking Analysis

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