Effects of vascular elastosis on uterine blood flow and perfusion in anesthetized mares

Esteller-Vico, A.; Liu, I.K.M.; Vaughan, Betsy; Steffey, EP; Brosnan, Robert J

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2014.11.032

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In research, sometimes only the application of special staining is mentioned, suggesting that the purpose is to facilitate fibrosis assessment [ 22 , 48 , 49 ]. Among the specific staining for connective tissue, Masson trichrome staining (MT) [ 43 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 ], picrosirius red staining (PSR) [ 15 , 18 , 35 , 58 , 59 , 60 ], Gomori trichrome staining (GT) [ 61 , 62 ], elastica van Gieson staining (EVG) [ 4 , 63 , 64 ], Azan staining [ 65 ], resorcin–fuchsin staining (RF) [ 65 ], periodic acid–Schiff staining (PAS) [ 4 , 52 , 65 , 66 ], and, in highly specific way, IHC [ 6 , 16 , 51 , 60 , 67 ], may be utilized for enhancing the histological visualization of connective tissue in light microscopy. Although electron microscopy is a more expensive technique, it may be employed for the evaluation of smaller structures in ECM or cellular degeneration in fibrosis studies; thus, methylene-blue-azur2-basic fuchsin staining (MBABF) on semi-thin slices for area selection [ 35 ], uranyl acetate–lead citrate staining (UALC) [ 4 , 35 , 64 ], and gold-coating [ 64 , 66 ] can be used.…”

Section: Fibrosis Formation and Its Staining Possibilities In The Equ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Functional changes in the pregnant uterus involve alterations in blood supply and uterine blood vessels, leading to angioses [ 4 , 6 , 36 , 37 , 59 , 77 ]. The incidence and severity of these structural changes in the blood vessel walls increase with age and the number of foalings [ 12 , 78 , 79 , 80 ].…”

Section: Measurement and Influence Of Fibrotic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Angioses may also reduce the adaptive capacity of vascularization to respond to alterations in uterine blood demand in specific situations [ 59 , 77 ]. The biggest challenge for uterine vascularization is gestation.…”

Section: Measurement and Influence Of Fibrotic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options

Zdrojkowski,

Pawliński,

Skierbiszewska

et al. 2024

Animals

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Uterine diseases stand as the primary cause of infertility in mares; however, the diagnostic process often relies on obtaining endometrial biopsies and their hematoxylin–eosin staining. This review seeks to present the variability of uterine changes and their impact on fertility and underscore the utility of special stains, such as Masson trichrome, picrosirius red, elastica van Gieson, or periodic acid–Schiff, in enhancing diagnostic breadth. Connective tissue evaluation in the cervix is discussed, as it is subjected to cyclic changes and the impact on overall fertility. Vascular changes, particularly prevalent in multiparous mares, play a crucial role in adapting to physiological and pathological alterations, affecting early gestation and impeding placental development. Given that uterine vascular pathologies often involve fibrotic changes, connective tissue stains emerge as a valuable tool in this context. Moreover, equine endometriosis, predominantly associated with endometrial fibrosis, further highlights the relevance of special stains, suggesting their underutilization in the diagnostic process. Recognizing the subjective nature of diagnosing uterine pathologies and the need for additional diagnostic tools, we advocate for using dedicated stains in the histopathological evaluation of uterine samples. In conclusion, we encourage scientists and diagnosticians to embrace additional tools that enhance pathology visualization, enabling more reliable diagnoses concerning expected fertility.

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Section: Fibrosis Formation and Its Staining Possibilities In The Equ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Measurement and Influence Of Fibrotic Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options

Zdrojkowski,

Pawliński,

Skierbiszewska

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…The hypothesis was then raised that severe angiosis can reduce the capacity of the vessels to adapt to the varied demands of uterine circulation [50]. In addition, endometrial pathological changes have been strongly associated with degeneration of uterine vessels in mares [51].…”

Section: Doppler Ultrasonography In Pregnancy Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Doppler Ultrasound in the Reproduction of Mares

Ferreira¹,

Morais²

2022

Veterinary Medicine and Science

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Doppler ultrasonographic (US) is a method that provides real-time information on vascular architecture and hemodynamic aspects of blood vessels. It can determine the presence, direction, and speed of blood flow, being subdivided into the categories of color Doppler (color flow and power flow) and pulsed Doppler. The objective of this chapter was to compile data from several studies addressing the use of US Doppler correlated with pathophysiological phenomena of equine reproduction. Initially we decided to describe the technique, advantages, and disadvantages of each Doppler mode. Then the applicability of US Doppler in mares related to equine reproduction. Thus, within this chapter, you will find the form of use and descriptions of studies carried out on vascular perfusion of the follicular dynamics, the corpus luteum, the uterine segments, which we have divided into post-insemination evaluation, endometritis diagnosis and pregnancy diagnosis. So, we hope that this chapter will expand the knowledge about US Doppler and increase the number of veterinarians who will introduce the technique into their practical routine.

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“…Regardless of cysts, vascular alterations are observed in early gestation in old compared to young mares (Ferreira et al 2015). Decreased uterine perfusion has been associated with elastosis, characterized as increased presence of elastic fibers (Esteller-Vico et al 2015). Frequent angiosclerotic lesions, such as mild to moderate perivascular and intimal sclerosis, are observed in old multiparous mares (Grüninger et al 1998).…”

Section: Uterus -Uterine Cysts and Vascularizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Female age and parity in horses: how and why does it matter?

Derisoud

Auclair-Ronzaud

Palmer

et al. 2021

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Although puberty can occur as early as 14–15months of age, depending on breed and use, the reproductive career of mares may continue to advanced ages. Once mares are used as broodmares, they will usually produce foals once a year until they become unfertile, and their productivity can be enhanced and/or prolonged through embryo technologies. There is a general consensus that old mares are less fertile, but maternal age and parity are confounding factors because nulliparous mares are usually younger and older mares are multiparous in most studies. This review shows that age critically affects cyclicity, folliculogenesis, oocyte and embryo quality as well as presence of oviductal masses and uterine tract function. Maternal parity has a non-linear effect. Primiparity has a major influence on placental and foal development, with smaller foals at the first gestation that remain smaller postnatally. After the first gestation, endometrial quality and uterine clearance capacities decline progressively with increasing parity and age, whilst placental and foal birthweight and milk production increase. These combined effects should be carefully balanced when breeding mares, in particular when choosing and caring for recipients and their foals.

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Effects of vascular elastosis on uterine blood flow and perfusion in anesthetized mares

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options

Assessment of Connective Tissue in the Equine Uterus and Cervix: Review of Clinical Impact and Staining Options

Doppler Ultrasound in the Reproduction of Mares

Female age and parity in horses: how and why does it matter?

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