Effects of vermilion height on lip esthetics in Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients

Ioi, Hideki; Kang, Sang-Wook; Shimomura, Takahiro; Kim, Seong-Sik; Park, Soo Byung; Son, Woo Sung; Takahashi, Ichiro

doi:10.2319/041613-293.1

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Vermilion height greatly affects the assessment of lip esthetics 56. In our study, we found that extraction patients tended to have bigger and thicker lip vermilion before treatment, which was reportedly less attractive in contrast to those in non-extraction patients 6. Previous 3D studies have found that the esthetic vermilion height of Asian adult females should be in the range of 15 to 19 mm 121617.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The lip vermilion is a prominent facial feature because of its vibrant color in contrast to facial skin and thus plays a key role in the frontal facial aesthetics 5. The lip vermilion shape and proportion are therefore aesthetic determinants for both orthodontists and patients 67. However, lip-protrusion reduction may occasionally not guarantee a facial aesthetic improvement from the frontal view.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion morphology of adult female patients after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment

Liu

Dai

et al. 2019

Korean J Orthod

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Objective To investigate the three-dimensional lip vermilion changes after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment in female adult patients and explore the correlation between lip vermilion changes and incisor changes. Methods Forty-seven young female adult patients were enrolled in this study (skeletal Class III patients were excluded), including 34 lip-protruding patients treated by extraction of four first premolars (18 patients requiring mini-implants for maximum anchorage control and 16 patients without mini-implants) and 13 patients requiring non-extraction treatment. Nine angles, seven distances, and the surface area of the lip vermilion were measured by using pre- and post-treatment three-dimensional facial scans. Linear and angular measurements of incisors were performed on lateral cephalograms. Results There were no significant changes in the vermilion measurements in the non-extraction group. The vermilion angle, vermilion height, central bow angle, height/width ratio, and vermilion surface area decreased significantly after the orthodontic treatment in the extraction groups, but the upper/lower vermilion proportion remained unchanged. Significant correlations were found between the changes in incisor position and those in vermilion angles, vermilion height, and surface area. Conclusions Extraction of the four first premolars probably produced an aesthetic improvement in lip vermilion morphology. However, the upper/lower vermilion proportion remained unchanged. The variations in the vermilion were closely related to incisor changes, especially the upper incisor inclination changes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion morphology of adult female patients after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment

Liu

Dai

et al. 2019

Korean J Orthod

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“…30 For example, it has been suggested that vertical lip thickness is one of the most important factors affecting facial esthetics. 13,34 Height-2 (intervermilion distance) was defined by Krishnan et al 16 as including vertical lip thickness. In the present study, Height-2 was significantly smaller in group A than in group B.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional analyses of frontal posed smile attractiveness in Japanese female patients

Hata

Arai

2015

The Angle Orthodontist

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Objective: To identify appropriate dimensional items in objective diagnostic analysis for attractiveness of frontal posed smile in Japanese female patients by comparing with the result of human judgments. Materials and Methods: Photographs of frontal posed smiles of 100 Japanese females after orthodontic treatment were evaluated by 20 dental students (10 males and 10 females) using a visual analogue scale (VAS). The photographs were ranked based on the VAS evaluations and the 25 photographs with the highest evaluations were selected as group A, and the 25 photos with the lowest evaluations were designated group B. Then 12 dimensional items of objective analysis selected from a literature review were measured. Means and standard deviations for measurements of the dimensional items were compared between the groups using the unpaired t-test with a significance level of P , .05. Results: Mean values were significantly smaller in group A than in group B for interlabial gap, intervermilion distance, maxillary gingival display, maximum incisor exposure, and lower lip to incisor (P , .05). Conclusions: Significant differences were observed only in the vertical dimension, not in the transverse dimension. Five of the 12 objective diagnostic items were correlated with human judgments of the attractiveness of frontal posed smile in Japanese females after orthodontic treatment. (Angle Orthod. 2016;86:127-134.)

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“…[4][5][6][7][8][9][10] Especially in orthodontic fields, the anteroposterior position of the upper and lower incisors affects lip morphology, and some studies on incisor retraction and changes in lip morphology have been published. [11,12] Ioi et al studied the effects of the difference in vermilion lip height on lip esthetics with subjective items, [13] and they concluded that vermilion lip morphology may have a large effect on facial harmony. Changes in vermilion lip morphology with aging [4] and the effects of premolar extraction on changes in vermilion lip morphology [14] have been previously reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in vermilion lip morphology following orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction for Angle Class II maxillary protrusion

Oomori

Nihara

Takahashi

et al. 2020

APOS

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Objectives: The objective of the study was to clarify the changes in vermilion lip morphology following orthodontic treatment in Japanese patients with Class II maxillary protrusion. Materials and Methods: The subjects were 15 adult women diagnosed as having Angle Class II maxillary protrusion who had undergone orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction. For analysis, profile photographs taken at the first examination and at completion of active treatment were used for linear and angular measurements. For linear measurements on the lateral facial photographs, an X–Y coordinate system was established using a lateral cephalogram superimposed along the line of the profile. Measurement points relating to the vermilion lip morphology were measured on the facial photographs by digital processing, with the Frankfort horizontal (FH) plane as the X-axis, and the line perpendicular to the X-axis passing through the alar curvature point (Ac) as the Y-axis. Results: The results of linear measurements showed significant retraction of approximately 3.0 mm in the upper vermilion lip, and mean retraction of the upper incisors after treatment was approximately 6.0 mm. However, whereas mean retraction of the lower incisors was approximately 1.0 mm, there was significant retraction of the lower vermilion lip of over 3.0 mm. Significant reduction in vermilion height was also found in the upper vermilion lip. With regard to angular measurements, the upper lip and total vermilion showed significant reductions that indicated inversion. Conclusion: Adequate retraction of the upper incisors in the maxillary protrusion with excessive overjet may retract not only the upper vermilion lip but also the lower one, suggesting that morphological changes in the lower lip are affected by the positioning of the upper incisors. In addition, the patterns of morphological changes differed between the upper and lower vermilion lips, with a large proportion of rotational change toward the mucous membrane in the upper vermilion lip and with a pattern of change resembling horizontal displacement in the lower vermilion lip. Total vermilion showed a significant reduction in vermilion height due to the reduction in height of the upper vermilion lip.

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Effects of vermilion height on lip esthetics in Japanese and Korean orthodontists and orthodontic patients

Cited by 14 publications

References 18 publications

Three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion morphology of adult female patients after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment

Three-dimensional changes in lip vermilion morphology of adult female patients after extraction and non-extraction orthodontic treatment

Dimensional analyses of frontal posed smile attractiveness in Japanese female patients

Changes in vermilion lip morphology following orthodontic treatment with premolar extraction for Angle Class II maxillary protrusion

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