Effects of vibration therapy and vitamin D supplement on eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness in female students

Abstract

Delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) appears after unaccustomed exercise and peaks 24-48 h after exercise. Vitamin D micronutrient and vibration therapy may have an effect on DOMS. The present study investigated the effects of vitamin D micronutrient and vibration therapy on DOMS. Sixty female students were randomly assigned to one of the four groups (n=15 in each group): vitamin D, vibration therapy, vitamin D + vibration therapy, and control. The participants of vitamin D groups received vitamin D (3,800 IU, 1 session daily for 7 days), while the participants of the control groups received placebo. The participants of vibration therapy groups received vibration therapy (50 Hz; 3 sets of 1 min, 1 session daily for 7 days). One day later, the participants performed eccentric exercise (a quadriceps leg extension exercise). Immediately after this exercise protocol, the participants received vitamin D or vibration therapy on basis of their groups. Pain perception, creatine kinase (CK), interleukin (IL)-6, superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured at baseline (before 7 days of intervention), after 7 days of intervention (before eccentric exercise) and 24, 48 and 72 h after eccentric exercise. Statistical analysis was employed and P≤0.05 was considered as the significant level. CK and IL-6 concentrations, as well as pain perception, were significantly lower in the vibration therapy and vitamin D groups compared to the control group 24 to 48 h after eccentric exercise. MDA concentration was significantly lower in the vibration therapy and vitamin D groups compared to the control group 48 to 72 h after eccentric exercise. In conclusion, the present study suggests that vibration therapy and vitamin D supplement may have effects against eccentric exercise-induced delayed onset muscle soreness in female students.

Effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function and recovery after exercise‐induced muscle damage: A systematic review

“…One study was added from the reference lists of selected articles, and the final number of studies in this systematic review was 11. 43,44,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55] A summary of the search process is depicted in Figure 1.…”

“…One of them 48 had two experimental groups, with different baseline levels of vitamin D, and two control groups, and the results from all of them were included. Three studies 49,51,53 used more than two experimental arms, but only the vitamin D and control group results were reported in the review.…”

“…44 The mean age of the participants ranged from 15.90 ± 0.29 years to 42.40 ± 7.59 years. Five studies evaluated the effects of vitamin D supplementation on sedentary to moderately active people, [47][48][49]53,55 five studies on highly active people 43,44,50,52,54 and one did not mention the participants' fitness level. 51 All but one study 52 evaluated the effects of regular vitamin D ingestion for a minimum period of 7 days, with a vitamin D dose per day of 600-7000 IU.…”

“…The precise vitamin D content of the dosages and the duration of the supplementation period are presented in Table 1. Seven studies used a special protocol to induce muscle damage, 43,[47][48][49][50]52,55 which differed substantially across them (Table 1). Four studies measured functional measures, markers of muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress before and after a period of normal training.…”

“…Only Barker et al 47 observed a better recovery of MIVC of the lower limb in the experimental group (EG). Four studies 43,47,49,51 evaluated muscle soreness after exercise, and two of them 49,51 found significantly lower values in the EG at some point after exercise or throughout the entire recovery period (Table 2).…”