Effects of vigorous physical exercise on cerebral circulation and metabolism

Scheinberg, Peritz; Blackburn, Lynn; Rich, M.; Saslaw, Milton S.

doi:10.1016/0002-9343(54)90371-x

Cited by 91 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Thus, it seems to be of great interest to investigate the behavior of cerebral circulation during exercise. Scheinberg et al (1954) found no significant change in CBF after vigorous physical exercise in normal, untrained young men, with a concomitant decrease in cere brovascular resistance. In this study, the examinee was upright on the treadmill, and the patients were exercised throughout the entire CBF measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…koloff, 1953), unchanged (Scheinberg et aL, 1954;Zobel et aL, 1965), or even to be decreased (Klei nerman and Sancetta, 1955), whereas with the ra dioactive labeled erythrocytes method, other inves tigators found no change (Hedlund et aL, 1962). In view of these conflicting reports, we have studied CBF during exercise by the 133Xe inhalation tech nique in normal subjects, and correlated the changes in PC02, heart rate, cardiac output, and blood pressure to the CBF values.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Exercise on Cerebral Circulation

Globus

Melamed

Keren

et al. 1983

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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The effect of supine physical exercise on cerebral blood flow (CBF) was measured in 30 normal subjects with the 133Xe inhalation technique. The CBF measurements were correlated to changes in Pco2, heart rate, and blood pressure, and to cardiac output and right atrial pressure in 10 of the subjects who underwent Swan-Ganz catheterization. No significant change was found in CBF during physical exercise, although a marked increase in cardiac output, blood pressure, and right atrial pressure and a mild decrease in PCO2 were found. Cerebrovascular resistance increased by 38%, in contrast to a decrease of 33% in the peripheral vascular resistance. The factors that affect the mechanism of cerebrovascular autoregulation during exercise are discussed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

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confidence: 99%

Effect of Exercise on Cerebral Circulation

Globus

Melamed

Keren

et al. 1983

J Cereb Blood Flow Metab

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“…Calculation of the cerebral mitochondrial O 2 tension (P Mito O 2 ) integrates a global measure of cerebral oxygenation in which a reduction in P Mito O 2 of more than 5-6 mmHg is associated with elevated cerebral lactate production, a low OCI, and development of fatigue (24,31). Also, the global cerebral metabolic rate of O 2 (CMRO 2 ) remains stable during moderate exercise, but CMRO 2 increases during strenuous exercise (28,31).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cerebral oxygenation and metabolism during exercise following three months of endurance training in healthy overweight males

Seifert¹,

Rasmussen²,

Brassard³

et al. 2009

American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comp

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Endurance training improves muscular and cardiovascular fitness, but the effect on cerebral oxygenation and metabolism remains unknown. We hypothesized that 3 mo of endurance training would reduce cerebral carbohydrate uptake with maintained cerebral oxygenation during submaximal exercise. Healthy overweight males were included in a randomized, controlled study (training: n = 10; control: n = 7). Arterial and internal jugular venous catheterization was used to determine concentration differences for oxygen, glucose, and lactate across the brain and the oxygen-carbohydrate index [molar uptake of oxygen/(glucose + (1/2) lactate); OCI], changes in mitochondrial oxygen tension (DeltaP(Mito)O(2)) and the cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen (CMRO(2)) were calculated. For all subjects, resting OCI was higher at the 3-mo follow-up (6.3 +/- 1.3 compared with 4.7 +/- 0.9 at baseline, mean +/- SD; P < 0.05) and coincided with a lower plasma epinephrine concentration (P < 0.05). Cerebral adaptations to endurance training manifested when exercising at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (approximately 211 W). Before training, both OCI (3.9 +/- 0.9) and DeltaP(Mito)O(2) (-22 mmHg) decreased (P < 0.05), whereas CMRO(2) increased by 79 +/- 53 micromol x 100 x g(-1) min(-1) (P < 0.05). At the 3-mo follow-up, OCI (4.9 +/- 1.0) and DeltaP(Mito)O(2) (-7 +/- 13 mmHg) did not decrease significantly from rest and when compared with values before training (P < 0.05), CMRO(2) did not increase. This study demonstrates that endurance training attenuates the cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise, as reflected in a lower carbohydrate uptake and maintained cerebral oxygenation.

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“…For example, there appears to be no change in brain O 2 uptake (V O 2 ) during cycling (18,31), whereas, during vigorous exercise on the treadmill, there is reported to be an increase in brain V O 2 (28). Although the cerebral metabolic rate for O 2 has been taken as the variable most closely coupled to metabolic activity of the brain (18), V O 2 may not be the most sensitive index for an evaluation of the metabolic activity of the brain.…”

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confidence: 99%

Cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise

Ide

Horn

Secher

1999

Journal of Applied Physiology

209

177

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Ide, Kojiro, Allan Horn, and Niels H. Secher. Cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise. J. Appl. Physiol. 87(5): 1604-1608.-We studied cerebral oxygenation and metabolism during submaximal cycling in 12 subjects. At two work rates, middle cerebral artery blood velocity increased from 62 Ϯ 3 to 63 Ϯ 3 and 70 Ϯ 5 cm/s as did cerebral oxygenation determined by near-infrared spectroscopy. Oxyhemoglobin increased by 10 Ϯ 3 and 25 Ϯ 3 µmol/l (P Ͻ 0.01), and there was no significant change in brain norepinephrine spillover. The arterial-to-internal-jugularvenous (a-v) difference for O 2 decreased at low-intensity exercise (from 3.1 Ϯ 0.1 to 2.9 Ϯ 0.1 mmol/l; P Ͻ 0.05) and recovered at moderate exercise (to 3.3 Ϯ 0.1 mmol/l). The profile for glucose was similar: its a-v difference tended to decrease at low-intensity exercise (from 0.55 Ϯ 0.05 to 0.50 Ϯ 0.02 mmol/l) and increased during moderate exercise (to 0.64 Ϯ 0.04 mmol/l; P Ͻ 0.05). Thus the molar ratio (a-v difference, O 2 to glucose) did not change significantly. However, when the a-v difference for lactate (0.02 Ϯ 0.03 to 0.18 Ϯ 0.04 mmol/l) was taken into account, the O 2 -to-carbohydrate ratio decreased (from 6.1 Ϯ 0.4 to 4.7 Ϯ 0.3; P Ͻ 0.05). The enhanced cerebral oxygenation suggests that, during exercise, cerebral blood flow increases in excess of the O 2 demand. Yet it seems that during exercise not all carbohydrate taken up by the brain is oxidized, as brain lactate metabolism appears to lower the balance of O 2 -to-carbohydrate uptake. blood pressure; epinephrine; glucose; heart rate; lactate; near-infrared spectroscopy; norepinephrine; norepinephrine spillover CONTROVERSY EXISTS as to whether the metabolic activity of the brain as a whole increases during physical exercise. For example, there appears to be no change in brain O 2 uptake (V O 2 ) during cycling (18, 31), whereas, during vigorous exercise on the treadmill, there is reported to be an increase in brain V O 2 (28). Although the cerebral metabolic rate for O 2 has been taken as the variable most closely coupled to metabolic activity of the brain (18), V O 2 may not be the most sensitive index for an evaluation of the metabolic activity of the brain. In response to neural activation, regional V O 2 increases much less than the increase in cerebral blood flow (7). Also, cerebral oxygenation determined by near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) exceeds the increase in O 2 demand in response to motor stimulation (22). Moreover, the increase in regional uptake of glucose surpasses that of O 2 (8), and similar observations have been made for the global value (15). Thus the molar cerebral V O 2 -to-glucose uptake ratio becomes reduced (15, 16).During exercise, blood lactate increases progressively with work rate, and lactate may be of importance for brain metabolism (14). Yet, when there is no increase in blood lactate, as during mental activation, no net brain uptake of lactate has been demonstrated (17). Rather, the increase in lactate uptake by the brain becomes apparent during hyperlactemia ...

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Effects of vigorous physical exercise on cerebral circulation and metabolism

Cited by 91 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of Exercise on Cerebral Circulation

Effect of Exercise on Cerebral Circulation

Cerebral oxygenation and metabolism during exercise following three months of endurance training in healthy overweight males

Cerebral metabolic response to submaximal exercise

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