Effects of Visual Cues of a Moving Model Predator on Body Patterns in Cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis

Okamoto, Kohei; Mori, Akira; Ikeda, Yuzuru

doi:10.2108/zs140288

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Found in various locations on the body and often referred to as white spot (Packard & Sanders, 1971), it is an area extending equally in all 360 degrees of the dimensions. Unlike Octopus , other cephalopods also have dark spots (e.g., Sepia pharaonis, Okamoto, Mori, & Ikeda, 2015). Spots are sometimes in a definite location (i.e., eye-spot) and are sometimes multiple, like the paired spots on the mantle/arms of O. vulgaris (Packard & Sanders, 1971) and the series of spots running down the arms of the O. macropus complex (Voss & Philips, 1957) and O. cyanea .…”

Section: The Skin Display Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ethogram for Benthic Octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae).

Mather

Alupay

2016

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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The present paper constructs a general ethogram for the actions of the flexible body as well as the skin displays of octopuses in the family Octopodidae. The actions of 6 sets of structures (mantle-funnel, arms, sucker-stalk, skin-web, head, and mouth) combine to produce behavioral units that involve positioning of parts leading to postures such as the flamboyant, movements of parts of the animal with relation to itself including head bob and grooming, and movements of the whole animal by both jetting in the water and crawling along the substrate. Muscular actions result in 4 key changes in skin display: (a) chromatophore expansion, (b) chromatophore contraction resulting in appearance of reflective colors such as iridophores and leucophores, (c) erection of papillae on the skin, and (d) overall postures of arms and mantle controlled by actions of the octopus muscular hydrostat. They produce appearances, including excellent camouflage, moving passing cloud and iridescent blue rings, with only a few known species-specific male visual sexual displays. Commonalities across the family suggest that, despite having flexible muscular hydrostat movement systems producing several behavioral units, simplicity of production may underlie the complexity of movement and appearance. This systematic framework allows researchers to take the next step in modeling how such diversity can be a combination of just a few variables. (PsycINFO Database Record

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Section: The Skin Display Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

An ethogram for Benthic Octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae).

Mather

Alupay

2016

Journal of Comparative Psychology

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“…Direct observations of cuttlefish antipredator behavior in the wild are rare, thus it is hard to assess whether the short vertical distances cuttlefish moved in this study are relevant to predation. However, cuttlefish have demersal and benthic fish threatening them even within the first meter above the seabed (Hanlon and Messenger, 1988; Guerra, 2006), and high predation risk is perceived when a predator swims 6 body heights above the animal (about the range of the vertical movement in this study) (Okamoto et al, 2015). Therefore, even small displacements upwards in the water column can enhance predation risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Going Up or Sideways? Perception of Space and Obstacles Negotiating by Cuttlefish

et al. 2017

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While octopuses are mostly benthic animals, and squid prefer the open waters, cuttlefish present a special intermediate stage. Although their body structure resembles that of a squid, in many cases their behavior is mostly benthic. To test cuttlefish's preference in the use of space, we trained juvenile Sepia gibba and Sepia officinalis cuttlefish to reach a shelter at the opposite side of a tank. Afterwards, rock barriers were placed between the starting point and the shelter. In one experiment, direct paths were available both through the sand and over the rocks. In a second experiment the direct path was blocked by small rocks requiring a short detour to by-pass. In the third experiment instead, the only direct path available was over the rocks; or else to reach the goal via an exclusively horizontal path a longer detour would have to be selected. We showed that cuttlefish prefer to move horizontally when a direct route or a short detour path is available close to the ground; however when faced with significant obstacles they can and would preferentially choose a more direct path requiring a vertical movement over a longer exclusively horizontal path. Therefore, cuttlefish appear to be predominantly benthic dwellers that prefer to stay near the bottom. Nonetheless, they do view and utilize the vertical space in their daily movements where it plays a role in night foraging, obstacles negotiation and movement in their home-range.

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“…The processing of the low-spatial frequencies of images increases survival opportunity because looking at a space over a long distance plays a role in the rapid detection of predators. The distance to a predator, trajectory, and swimming speed affect defensive behavior in cephalopods, such as shifts in body pattern, inking, and jetting [61,62]. Such spatiotemporal information of predators is important for school decision-making.…”

Section: Symmetry and Asymmetry Of Left And Right Eyes And Optic Lobe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Allometry for Eyes and Optic Lobes in Oval Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) with Special Reference to Their Ontogenetic Asymmetry

Sakurai

Ikeda

2022

Symmetry

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Eyes develop in relation to body size and brain area for visual processing in some vertebrates. Meanwhile, it is well known that many animals exhibit left–right asymmetry in both morphology and behavior, namely, lateralization. However, it remains unclear whether the eyes and visual processing brain areas synchronously develop for their asymmetry. Oval squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) exhibits lateralization of optic lobe volume and left or right eye usage toward specific targets during their ontogeny. We address the question of how left–right asymmetry of the eyes and optic lobes exhibit an allometric pattern. To examine this question, we estimated the left and right volumes of eyes and optic lobes using microcomputed tomography. We found that, for the optic lobe volume, the right enlargement that appeared at ages 45 and 80 days then shifted to the left at age 120 days. In contrast, the volume of eyes did not show any left–right asymmetries from hatching to age 120 days. We also found that the volume of the eyes and optic lobes showed a slower increase than that of the whole-body size. Within these two visually related organs, the eyes grew faster than the optic lobes until age 120 days. These results are discussed in the context of the survival strategy of oval squid that form schools, two months post-hatching.

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Effects of Visual Cues of a Moving Model Predator on Body Patterns in Cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis

Cited by 5 publications

References 37 publications

An ethogram for Benthic Octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae).

An ethogram for Benthic Octopods (Cephalopoda: Octopodidae).

Going Up or Sideways? Perception of Space and Obstacles Negotiating by Cuttlefish

Allometry for Eyes and Optic Lobes in Oval Squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana) with Special Reference to Their Ontogenetic Asymmetry

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