Effects of visual fixation and convergence on periodic alternating nystagmus due to MS

Garbutt, Siobhan; Thakore, Nimish J.; Rucker, Janet C.; Han, Yong Seop; Kumar, Arun N.; Leigh, R. John

doi:10.1080/01658100490889650

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Such lesions may cause excessive vestibular responses (velocity storage), which, in turn, stimulate adaptive mechanisms that cause the ocular oscillations (28). The nystagmus of most patients (and the monkey model) is decreased following treatment with the GABA B agonist baclofen (29)(30)(31)(32). Improvement following treatment with memantine has also been reported (33).…”

Section: Periodic Alternating Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 93%

Therapy for Nystagmus

Thurtell

Leigh

2010

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

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Pathological forms of nystagmus and their visual consequences can be treated using pharmacological, optical, and surgical approaches. Acquired periodic alternating nystagmus improves following treatment with baclofen, and downbeat nystagmus may improve following treatment with aminopyridines. Gabapentin and memantine are helpful in reducing acquired pendular nystagmus due to multiple sclerosis. Ocular oscillations in oculopalatal tremor may also improve following treatment with memantine or gabapentin. The infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) may have only a minor impact on vision if "foveation periods" are well developed, but symptomatic patients may benefit from treatment with gabapentin, memantine, or base-out prisms to induce convergence. Several surgical therapies are also reported to improve INS, but selection of the optimal treatment depends on careful evaluation of visual acuity and nystagmus intensity in various gaze positions. Electro-optical devices are a promising and novel approach for treating the visual consequences of acquired forms of nystagmus.

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Section: Periodic Alternating Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 93%

Therapy for Nystagmus

Thurtell

Leigh

2010

Journal of Neuro-Ophthalmology

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“…Diazepam, 5-hydroxytryptophan, benserazide, thiocolchicoside, valporic acid and carbamazepine have been found to have no effect on PAN [62]. Gabapentin has also been reported to be of no benefit in PAN [63]. This further suggests that the success of gabapentin in APN is due to its glutaminergic properties, whereas the effects of baclofen on the vestibular cerebellum rely on GABA mechanisms.…”

Section: Infantile Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Memantine 20 -40 mg [33] 14 [75] 3 [57] 2 PAN Baclofen 30 -60 mg [58] 2 [59] 1 [60] 1 [61] 1 [62] 1 [63] 1 DBN Clonazepam 2 mg [41] 6 [42] 7 3,4-DAP 40-80 mg [44] 17 4-AP 30 mg [49] 15 UN Baclofen 30-60 mg [43] 2 4-AP 30 mg [52] 1…”

Section: Other Treatments Used In Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The pharmacological treatment of nystagmus: a review

McLean

Gottlob

2009

Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy

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Nystagmus is an involuntary, to-and-fro movement of the eyes that can result in a reduction in visual acuity and oscillopsia. Mechanisms that cause nystagmus are better understood in some forms, such as acquired periodic alternating nystagmus, than in others, for example acquired pendular nystagmus, for which there is limited knowledge. Effective pharmacological treatment exists to reduce nystagmus, particularly in acquired nystagmus and, more recently, infantile nystagmus. However, as there are very few randomized controlled trials in the area, most pharmacological treatment options in nystagmus remain empirical.

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“…1 The acquired form can often be completely abolished with baclofen. [21][22][23] A benefit from memantine has been reported in a patient whose nystagmus was refractory to baclofen treatment. 24…”

Section: Periodic Alternating Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treatment of Nystagmus

Thurtell

2015

Semin Neurol

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Acquired and congenital forms of nystagmus are commonly encountered in the course of clinical practice. Although some patients are asymptomatic, many others describe disabling oscillopsia that impairs visual function, social function, and quality of life. Such patients may present to the neurologist to request treatment. Numerous treatment approaches for nystagmus have been proposed, including medical, surgical, and optical treatments. Some of the treatments aim to reduce nystagmus slow-phase speed, whereas others aim to negate the visual consequences of the nystagmus. The approach must be tailored depending on the type of nystagmus, its characteristics, and in some cases, its cause. In this review, the treatment approach for acquired and congenital forms of nystagmus is summarized with an emphasis on treatments that have been evaluated in well-designed clinical trials. Novel approaches that have not yet been evaluated in clinical trials are also discussed.

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Effects of visual fixation and convergence on periodic alternating nystagmus due to MS

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Therapy for Nystagmus

Therapy for Nystagmus

The pharmacological treatment of nystagmus: a review

Treatment of Nystagmus

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