“…For all teleoperation system applications, visual perception has a significant impact on user performance. Recently, researchers have reported the effects of visual perception in several teleoperation applications, including visual display (Samad, 2013;Toyoda, Yabuta, & Matsunaga, 2012;Widmer & Hu, 2010), viewing angle (Lii et al, 2010;Passmore, Nielsen, Cosh, & Darza, 2001;Widmer & Hu, 2010), graphic dimension (Huber, Taffinder, Russell, & Darzi, 2003;Passmore et al, 2001), obstructed vision (Lii et al, 2010), and VD (workspaceto-camera distance; Chotiprayanakul et al, 2011). However, none of these researchers considered the effect of VD (eye-to-screen distance).…”