Effects of volatile–char interactions on in-situ destruction of nascent tar during the pyrolysis and gasification of biomass. Part II. Roles of steam

An integrated process for hydrogen-rich gas production from cotton stalks: The simultaneous gasification of pyrolysis gases and char in an entrained flow bed reactor

“…The molar contents of carbon of tar-g are lower than that of tar-p, which indicates that more tar-p is converted through the gas-solid simultaneous conversion process in the entrained flow bed reactor. Song et al (Song et al, 2015) also indicated that the amount of tar was Table 2 The results of pyrolysis char and simultaneous gasification char on a dry basis. (Ma et al, 2013).…”

“…For example, rapid decline in the concentrations of naphthalene and phenanthrene of PHAs was observed. In other word, as the deeper interactions of gases and char in the entrained flow bed reactor, two or more aromatic rings compounds are converted to single aromatic ring or even chain compounds with the high temperature (Song et al, 2015). For other reason, it might be that PACs with heteroatom and aliphatic chains are converted more easily than those containing pure aromatic rings (Fuentes-Cano et al, 2013).…”

“…It results from thermal decomposition of organic compounds onto the catalyst, which results in catalyst deactivation. High and suitable steam to carbon ratio helps decreasing tar and coke formation (Hosokai et al, 2011;Park et al, 2010;Song et al, 2015;Umeki et al, 2012;Wang et al, 2014). However, the heat load increases, since more steam has to be supplied (Moghadam et al, 2014).…”

An advanced biomass gasification technology with integrated catalytic hot gas cleaning. Part III: Effects of inorganic species in char on the reforming of tars from wood and agricultural wastes

“…These catalysts have high activities to reform tar, but they are expensive and easily lose their activities due to the coke deposition. Our studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] have shown that char and char-supported catalysts could be an ideal candidate to substantially reform the tarry material. Based on these studies, our technology will use char or char-supported catalysts to reform tar [3,7].…”

“…Their concentrations and chemical forms would vary significantly with the pyrolysis and gasification conditions under which the char catalyst is prepared. The studies using small amounts (<a few grams) of char [5,[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] would provide fundamental understanding on the reactions taking place during the catalytic reforming of tar using char catalysts. The inherently-existing and externally-loaded AAEM in char may not only play key roles in tar reduction but also affect compositions of light gases (H 2 , CO, CO 2 and CH 4 ).…”