Effects of Volunteer Wheat and Barley on the Growth and Yield of Flax

Friesen, Lyle F.; Morrison, Ian N.; Marshall, G.; Rother, Wesley

doi:10.4141/cjps90-134

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In this study, a 5% corn yield reduction occurred with a volunteer wheat density of 5.2 plants m (2 . Similar yield losses caused by volunteer wheat have been reported in flax (Friesen et al 1990) and canola (O'Donovan 1992). Table 3.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

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Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition in corn (Zea mays L.)

SoltaniN.

2010

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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. 2010. Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition in corn (Zea mays L.). Can. J. Plant Sci. 90: 919Á924. Volunteer winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a sporadic weed found in corn (Zea mays L.) fields across southern Ontario. Eight trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2006 and 2007) at four locations to determine the competitiveness of volunteer winter wheat in corn. A soft red winter wheat cultivar (Pioneer 25R47) was seeded at each location at densities of 0 to 30 seeds m (2 late in the fall, prior to corn planting the following spring. Volunteer wheat competition in corn resulted in reduced emergence of corn leaf collars. Competition with volunteer wheat resulted in a 5% decrease in corn leaf collars present at 21 and 70 d after emergence with volunteer wheat densities of 3.0 and 5.2 plants m . D'autre part, comparativement aux re´sultats obtenus sur les parcelles te´moin, la concurrence des repousses spontane´es re´duit la surface foliaire, le poids sec des feuilles, le poids sec des pousses, la hauteur du plant et de l'e´pi, ainsi que le rendement du maı¨s de 5%, a`une densite´de 5,1 a`6,0 plants au m 2 . Le degre´de compe´titivite´de´pend de la densite´des repousses spontane´es.Mots clé s: Densite´, surface foliaire, collet, poids sec des pousses, rendement Corn (Zea mays L.) is widely grown throughout Ontario. In 2009, corn growers seeded 722 000 ha of corn and harvested 6 375 000 tonnes of grain (McGee 2009). Early weed control is critical to successful corn production. Weeds compete with corn resulting in yield losses ranging from 5 to 35%, depending on weed species composition, weed density and the relative time of crop and weed emergence (Knezevic et al. 1994;Bosnic and Swanton 1997).Volunteer crops, similar to plants traditionally classified as weeds, are known to be competitive with crops (De Corby et al. 2007;O'Donovan et al. 2008). They emerge from seed that shattered prior to harvest or was lost during harvest operations the previous year (De Corby et al. 2007;O'Donovan et al. 2008;Bond and Walker 2009). Volunteer crops cause yield losses through resource competition, increase the cost of weed control, interfere with harvest operations and contaminate harvested grain (Deen et al. 2006;Clewis et al. 2008).Previous research on canola (Brassica rapa L. and Brassica napus L.), flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) has shown that volunteer crops reduce yield from 1 to 78% when present at the time of crop emergence. Volunteer wheat and barley reduced flax yields by 49 to 63% (Friesen et al. 1990). Marshall et al. (1989) reported that volunteer wheat and barley at densities of 30 plants m (2 caused a 17 and 35% yield reduction in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), respectively. Lutman and Dixon (2008) found that volunteer barley reduced oilseed rape yields from 5 to 78% and overall plant growth from 25 to 91%. Volunteer wheat densities of 1 plant m (2 were reported by O'Donovan et al. (1988) to reduce canola yield by 1%.Abbreviations: DAE, days after emergence; OM, ...

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

“…Volunteer wheat and barley reduced flax yields by 49 to 63% (Friesen et al 1990). Marshall et al (1989) reported that volunteer wheat and barley at densities of 30 plants m (2 caused a 17 and 35% yield reduction in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.), respectively.…”

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Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition in corn (Zea mays L.)

SoltaniN.

2010

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…Although annual flax acreage has not changed to any extent over the past two decades, the relative abundance of volunteer flax has increased from 2.0 to 15.3 over the same period (Thomas et al 1997). While volunteer cereals in flax are known to reduce flax yields (Friesen et al 1990), reduction of wheat yields by volunteer flax has not been recorded. Discussions with producers suggest that volunteer flax is more of a problem for those using zero-tillage than conventional production systems.…”

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Control of volunteer flax in wheat

Wall¹,

Smith²

1999

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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Wall, D. A. and Smith, M. A. H. 1999. Control of volunteer flax in wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 79: 463-468. Volunteer flax (Linum usitatissimum) can interfere with harvesting operations in cereals, especially at high flax densities. Field experiments were conducted in 1996 and 1997 at Morden and Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, to evaluate tribenuron and thifensulfuron plus tribenuron (2:1) alone and in mixtures with 2,4-D, quinclorac, flamprop-methyl and fluroxypyr for their ability to control volunteer flax in spring wheat. Volunteer flax cvs. NorLin and CDCTriffid, a transgenic, sulfonylurea-tolerant cultivar, were cross-seeded to plots of spring wheat cv. AC Domain. Herbicides were applied at rates recommended for their use in spring wheat, when wheat was at the three-to four-leaf stage and flax was 5-8 cm tall. When left uncontrolled, volunteer flax reduced wheat yields by up to 27%. Tribenuron and thifensulfuron plus tribenuron (2:1) provided poor control of NorLin flax and almost no control of Triffid flax. Flax density was not reduced, but biomass was reduced to some extent, more for NorLin than for Triffid. The addition of 2,4-D to the tank-mixes of the sulfonylurea herbicides had some effect on flax biomass reduction but results were not consistent. Wheat yields were reduced in three of the five field trials. The other herbicides controlled NorLin and Triffid flax equally well. Quinclorac at 100 and 200 g a.i. ha -1 provided consistently good flax control, generally without yield loss to the wheat crop. Fluroxypyr plus 2,4-D and fluroxypyr plus clopyralid plus MCPA were as effective as quinclorac, but were tested only in 1 yr. Flamprop-methyl reduced flax biomass and provided good control in 1997, but control was poor in 1996 and resulted in wheat yield losses. Recently, quinclorac has been registered for use against volunteer flax in spring wheat. Laissé à lui-même, le lin pouvait réduire jusqu'à 27 % le rendement du blé. Le tribenuron et l'association thifensulfuron-tribenuron apportaient une très piètre maîtrise du lin Norlin et étaient virtuellement impuissants contre CD Triffid. La densité de peuplement du lin n'était pas réduite, mais la biomasse subissait un certain degré de réduction, plus prononcé chez Norlin que ches CDC Triffid. L'ajout de 2,4-D aux mélanges extemporanés des deux herbicides de la famille de la sulphonylurée avait un certain effet réduc-teur sur la biomasse du lin, encore que les résultats n'étaient pas constants. Le rendement du blé était abaissé dans 3 des 5 essais réalisés. Les autres herbicides produisaient une bonne maîtrise des deux cultivars de lin. Le quinclorac à 100 et 200 g m.a. ha -1 , fournissait de façon régulière une bonne maîtrise du lin, généralement sans causer de pertes de rendement du blé. Le fluroxypyr employé en mélange avec du 2,4-D ou avec du clopyralid et du MCPA était aussi efficace que le quinclorac, mais il n'était essayé qu'une année seulement. Le flamprop-méthyle causait une réduction de la biomasse de lin et produisait une bonne maîtrise à l'oeil en 19...

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“…Flax and barley dry weights (DW) were determined by drying in an oven to constant weight at 80°C, Where appropriate, seed heads of barley and seed bolls of flax were collected and dried separately. Two separate harvests were conducted, HI at the end of July (1990 only), coincident with high quality fibre production (flowering) and H2, at the end of August (1989 and1990), coincident with maximum fibre yield together with the production of mature seed boUs.…”

Section: Assessmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Imseed, competition by volunteer wheat and barley at densities of 30 plants m~^ has been shown to reduce seed yield by 50 and 60% respectively (Friesen et al, 1990), It has been pointed out, however, that to extrapolate research findings between flax and linseed is seldom prudent (Lutman, 1991) since the culture and growth of the two differ. Furthermore, the majority of such competition and weed-control studies have been conducted in dryland farming conditions and are inappropriate to the moist, cool climates under which fibre flax is frequently grown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volunteer barley interference in fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

1995

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Field experiments were conducted in 1989 and 1990 to determine the relationship between yield loss in fibre flax and the density of volunteer barley. At volunteer densities of 50-100 plants m~^, plants which emerged 7 days before those emerging synchronously with the flax produced a significantly greater reduction in stem height (1990), stem dry weight (DW) at flowering (1989 and 1990) and seed boll DW (1990). The relationships between flax stem and boll DW and volunteer density were described at two growth stages (flowering and maturity) using a linear model. The 1990 model indicated that where volunteer tiller densities ranged from 0 to 350 m~^, interference by 90 volunteer tillers m~^ (30 plants m~2) reduced stem DW by 2-9% at the flowering stage. These losses increased to 9-18% for stem DW plus 7-18% for seed boll DW when plants were grown to seed maturity. Due to the high value of flax fibres and seed it is concluded that an economic threshold based on the control of volunteer barley can be reached at low volunteer densities (30 plants m"*^) especially if both fibre and oilseed were to be harvested.

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Effects of Volunteer Wheat and Barley on the Growth and Yield of Flax

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition in corn (Zea mays L.)

Volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) competition in corn (Zea mays L.)

Control of volunteer flax in wheat

Volunteer barley interference in fibre flax (Linum usitatissimum L.)

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