Effects of Walnut Consumption on Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

Ma, Yingying; Njike, Valentine Yanchou; Millet, John A. P.; Dutta, Suparna; Doughty, Kimberly N.; Treu, Judith A.; Katz, David L.

doi:10.2337/dc09-1156

Cited by 188 publications

(227 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Plasma triglyceride did not change with either treatment. This is consistent with the literature reporting that MUFA or plant based essential n-3 PUFA did not decrease plasma triglyceride-unlike the long chain n-3 PUFA from fish (Finnegan et al, 2003;Ma et al, 2010). Both almonds and walnuts decreased cholesterol, as previously reported (Almario et al, 2001;Feldman, 2002;Griel and Kris-Etherton, 2006;Banel and Hu, 2009).…”

Section: Dietary Fatty Acids and Pcos S Kalgaonkar Et Alsupporting

confidence: 92%

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Differential effects of walnuts vs almonds on improving metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS

et al. 2010

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Background/Objectives: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is commonly associated with insulin resistance, dyslipidemia and increased inflammation, which all benefit from dietary intake of monounsaturated and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (MUFA and n-3 PUFA). Our goal was to compare the effects of MUFA-rich almonds vs n-3/n-6 PUFA-rich walnuts on metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS. Subjects/Methods: Thirty-one PCOS patients randomly received either walnuts or almonds containing 31 g of total fat per day for 6 weeks. At the beginning and at the end, anthropometric parameters, fasting lipids, phospholipid-fatty acids, inflammatory markers, androgens, oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and frequently sampled intravenous-GTT were obtained. Results: Weight remained stable. Within group, walnuts increased the n-3/n-6 essential PUFA in the diet and plasma phospholipids. Walnuts decreased low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 6% from 3.76 ± 0.27 to 3.38 ± 0.22 mmol/l (P ¼ 0.05) and apoprotein B by 11% from 0.72 ± 0.04 to 0.64 ± 0.05 g/l (Po0.03). Although almonds also reduced low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 10% and apoprotein B by 9%, these were not significant. Walnuts increased insulin response during OGTT by 26% (Po0.02). Both walnuts and almonds increased adiponectin (walnuts from 9.5 ± 1.6 to 11.3 ± 1.8 mg per 100 ml, P ¼ 0.0241; almonds from 10.1 ± 1.5 to 12.2 ± 1.4 mg/dl, P ¼ 0.0262). Walnuts decreased HgBA1 from 5.7 ± 0.1 to 5.5 ± 0.1% (P ¼ 0.0006) with significant intergroup difference from almonds (P ¼ 0.0470). Walnuts increased sex hormone-binding globulin from 38.3±4.1 to 43.1±4.3 nmol/l (P ¼ 0.0038) and almonds reduced free androgen index from 2.6±0.4 to 1.8±0.3 (P ¼ 0.0470). Conclusion: Nut intake exerted beneficial effects on plasma lipids and androgens in PCOS.

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Section: Dietary Fatty Acids and Pcos S Kalgaonkar Et Alsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Walnuts increased fasting insulin in type 2 diabetic patients as well (Ma et al, 2010). This may be explained by two different mechanisms.…”

Section: Dietary Fatty Acids and Pcos S Kalgaonkar Et Almentioning

confidence: 91%

Differential effects of walnuts vs almonds on improving metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS

et al. 2010

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“…This unexpected result was from the only study that demonstrated a significant increase in blood pressure (72) . The authors were not able to determine a reason for this increase in blood pressure.…”

Section: G/d Hazelnuts Vcam (A) (B) Ns Ns-i; 0·1 Vcam (C) Ns Ns-i; 0·mentioning

confidence: 94%

Nut consumption for vascular health and cognitive function

et al. 2014

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Nuts are rich in many nutrients that can benefit multiple cardiometabolic functions, including arterial compliance, blood pressure, inflammation, glucoregulation and endothelial vasodilatation. Impaired vasodilatation may contribute to impaired cognitive performance due to poor cerebral perfusion. The present narrative review examines associations between nut consumption, vascular health and cognitive function. It includes a systematic search which identified seventy-one epidemiological or intervention studies in which effects of chronic nut consumption on blood pressure, glucoregulation, endothelial vasodilator function, arterial compliance, inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive performance were evaluated. Weighted mean changes were estimated where data were available; they indicate that nut consumption reduces blood pressure and improves glucoregulation, endothelial vasodilator function and inflammation, whilst a limited number of studies suggest that nut consumption may also improve cognitive performance. Further clinical trials are warranted to explore relationships between nut consumption, endothelial function and cognitive function.

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“…To our knowledge, the current study is one of the first to assess the effect on serum lipids and glycemic control of an ALArich oil in type 2 diabetes. The effects of walnuts, as sources of ALA, have been studied in type 2 diabetes, and despite no effect on HbA 1c , they were shown to reduce LDL-C (34) and improve vascular reactivity (35). In nondiabetic study participants, walnut consumption has also been associated with a reduction in LDL-C (36).…”

Section: Cvd Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Lowering the Glycemic Load With Canola Oil on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2014

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OBJECTIVEDespite their independent cardiovascular disease (CVD) advantages, effects of a-linolenic acid (ALA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and low-glycemicload (GL) diets have not been assessed in combination. We therefore determined the combined effect of ALA, MUFA, and low GL on glycemic control and CVD risk factors in type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSThe study was a parallel design, randomized trial wherein each 3-month treatment was conducted in a Canadian academic center between March 2011 and September 2012 and involved 141 participants with type 2 diabetes (HbA 1c 6.5%-8.5% [48-69 mmol/mol]) treated with oral antihyperglycemic agents. Participants were provided with dietary advice on either a low-GL diet with ALA and MUFA given as a canola oil-enriched bread supplement (31 g canola oil per 2,000 kcal) (test) or a whole-grain diet with a whole-wheat bread supplement (control). The primary outcome was HbA 1c change. Secondary outcomes included calculated Framingham CVD risk score and reactive hyperemia index (RHI) ratio. RESULTSSeventy-nine percent of the test group and 90% of the control group completed the trial. The test diet reduction in HbA 1c units of 20.47% (25.15 mmol/mol) (95% CI 20.54% to 20.40% [25.92 to 24.38 mmol/mol]) was greater than that for the control diet (20.31% [23.44 mmol/mol] [95% CI 20.38% to 20.25% (24.17 to 22.71 mmol/mol)], P = 0.002), with the greatest benefit observed in those with higher systolic blood pressure (SBP). Greater reductions were seen in CVD risk score for the test diet, whereas the RHI ratio increased for the control diet. CONCLUSIONSA canola oil-enriched low-GL diet improved glycemic control in type 2 diabetes, particularly in participants with raised SBP, whereas whole grains improved vascular reactivity.

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Effects of Walnut Consumption on Endothelial Function in Type 2 Diabetic Subjects

Cited by 188 publications

References 23 publications

Differential effects of walnuts vs almonds on improving metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS

Differential effects of walnuts vs almonds on improving metabolic and endocrine parameters in PCOS

Nut consumption for vascular health and cognitive function

Effect of Lowering the Glycemic Load With Canola Oil on Glycemic Control and Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Randomized Controlled Trial

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