Effects of Walnut Polyphenol on Learning and Memory Functions in Hypercholesterolemia Mice

Shi, Dandan; Chen, Chao-Yin; Zhao, S. J.; Ge, Feng; Liu, Diqiu; Song, Hualin

doi:10.12691/jfnr-2-8-4

Cited by 14 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(73 reference statements)

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“…These results suggest that WP have an antiobesity function: it prevents the hydrolysis of dietary fat in the small intestine and decreases the subsequent intestinal absorption of dietary fat. The hypolipidemic effects of WP showed in this study were similar with previous reports on mice fed a HFD [44,45]. Administration of WP reduced lipid contents in mice fed a HFD for 8 weeks.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Walnut Polyphenols Inhibit Pancreatic Lipase Activity in Vitro and Have Hypolipidemic Effect on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Shi¹,

Chen²,

Zhao³

et al. 2014

JFNR

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This study was aimed at the chemical composition and inhibitory effects of walnut polyphenols (WP) in vitro lipase activity and on obesity in obese mice models. More than 20 individual phenolics such as gallotannins, ellagitannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids were identified in WP. Studying the interactions between porcine pancreatic lipase (PL) and WP were based on fluorescence quenching and an enzymatic assay. The addition of WP to lipase caused a reduction of protein fluorescence intensity at 310 K. In addtion, we found that the effect of WP on PL was dependent on reaction medium and substrate used and the half maximal inhibitory concentration of WP was determined to be 163 μg/mL. At the beginning of the experiment, mice were divided into 3 groups, one of them served as normal control group (NCG), the second as hyperlipidemia control group (HCG), the last as walnut polyphenol-treated group (WTG). After 8 weeks of treatment, we investigated the effects of WP on weight gain, food intake and biochemical indexes in obese mice. The results showed that WP could significantly decrease body weight in obese mice (-13.52%, P < 0.05). However, there was no remarkable difference in food intake among three groups (1760.2-1823.3 g). In addition, WP could significantly decrease the TG, TC and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) concentrations and increase the HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration when compared to the HCG (-36.12%,-31.27%,-73.3%, and +59.72%, respectively, P < 0.01). The levels of hepatic TG and TC were significantly decrease in WTG when compared to the HCG (-27.72% and-48.43%, respectively, P < 0.01). In conclusion, these results suggest that WP could be a potentially therapeutic alternative in the treatment of obesity caused by a high-fat diet.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Walnut Polyphenols Inhibit Pancreatic Lipase Activity in Vitro and Have Hypolipidemic Effect on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Shi¹,

Chen²,

Zhao³

et al. 2014

JFNR

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“…The main chemical components of WSC and WS are shown in Table . Walnuts were reported to have antioxidant activity and could improve brain learning and memory functions (Shi et al., ). However, to our knowledge, there are neither reports to date about the protective effects of WSC and WS on livers and brains in d ‐gal‐induced aging mice, nor reports regarding its underlying anti‐aging molecular mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main chemical components of WSC and WS are shown in Table 1. Walnuts were reported to have antioxidant activity and could improve brain learning and memory functions (Shi et al, 2014).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effect of walnut on d‐galactose‐induced aging mouse model

Liu

Chen²,

Wang

et al. 2019

Food Science & Nutrition

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Objective (s) Accumulating evidence has suggested that oxidative stress and apoptosis are involved in the aging process. d ‐galactose (gal) has been reported to cause symptoms of aging in mice, accompanied by liver and brain injuries. Our present work was to study the potential antioxidative and anti‐apoptotic effects of walnut and to explore how these effects act on mice in a d ‐gal‐induced aging model. Materials and Methods Aging mice were induced by subcutaneous injection of d ‐gal (200 mg kg −1 d −1 for 8 weeks). Walnut samples were simultaneously administered to the d ‐gal‐induced aging mice once daily by intragastric gavage. Finally, body weight, organ index, cognitive function, levels of antioxidative enzymes, and liver function were monitored. Results The kernel pellicles of walnut could not only improve the learning and memory ability, and the organ index, but also significantly decrease body weight and normalize the levels of activity of antioxidative enzymes in aging mice. Further, the walnut seed coat would protect damages of hippocampus and liver in aging mice. Highlights In the current study, we investigated the effects of walnut kernels and walnut seed coats (WSCs) on d ‐galactose‐induced aging mice. WSC was firstly found to have beneficial effects on d ‐gal‐treated mouse's brain with learning and memory impairment, which probably through the underlying mechanism reduces oxidative damage and limits neuroinflammation. In addition, WSC had a protective effect on liver damage in d ‐galactose sensing mice.

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“…Supplementation with quercetin (1.0 μg/mL) attenuated the toxicity of three nitrophenol components of diesel exhaust by limiting the production of ·OH and MDA, while simultaneously increasing GSH-Px and SOD activities in embryonic chicken testicular cells in vitro [ 22 , 61 , 62 ]. Similar effects on MDA levels and SOD activity were also seen in brain tissue following administration of walnut polyphenols, leading to improvements in both learning and memory functions [ 63 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Walnut Polyphenol Extract Attenuates Immunotoxicity Induced by 4-Pentylphenol and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in Murine Splenic Lymphocyte

Yang

Han

et al. 2016

Nutrients

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4-pentylphenol (PP) and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol (PNMC), two important components of vehicle emissions, have been shown to confer toxicity in splenocytes. Certain natural products, such as those derived from walnuts, exhibit a range of antioxidative, antitumor, and anti-inflammatory properties. Here, we investigated the effects of walnut polyphenol extract (WPE) on immunotoxicity induced by PP and PNMC in murine splenic lymphocytes. Treatment with WPE was shown to significantly enhance proliferation of splenocytes exposed to PP or PNMC, characterized by increases in the percentages of splenic T lymphocytes (CD3+ T cells) and T cell subsets (CD4+ and CD8+ T cells), as well as the production of T cell-related cytokines and granzymes (interleukin-2, interleukin-4, and granzyme-B) in cells exposed to PP or PNMC. These effects were associated with a decrease in oxidative stress, as evidenced by changes in OH, SOD, GSH-Px, and MDA levels. The total phenolic content of WPE was 34,800 ± 200 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g, consisting of at least 16 unique phenols, including ellagitannins, quercetin, valoneic acid dilactone, and gallic acid. Taken together, these results suggest that walnut polyphenols significantly attenuated PP and PNMC-mediated immunotoxicity and improved immune function by inhibiting oxidative stress.

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Effects of Walnut Polyphenol on Learning and Memory Functions in Hypercholesterolemia Mice

Cited by 14 publications

References 54 publications

Walnut Polyphenols Inhibit Pancreatic Lipase Activity in Vitro and Have Hypolipidemic Effect on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Walnut Polyphenols Inhibit Pancreatic Lipase Activity in Vitro and Have Hypolipidemic Effect on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obese Mice

Protective effect of walnut on d‐galactose‐induced aging mouse model

Walnut Polyphenol Extract Attenuates Immunotoxicity Induced by 4-Pentylphenol and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol in Murine Splenic Lymphocyte

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