Effects of warm-up intensity on oxygen transport during supramaximal exercise in horses

Mukai, Kazutaka; Hiraga, Atsushi; Eto, Daisuke; Takahashi, Toshiyuki; Hada, Tetsuro; Tsubone, Hirokazu; Jones, James H.

doi:10.2460/ajvr.69.5.690

Cited by 12 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…1996), suggesting that improved perfusion of the working muscle consequent to the vasodilating effects of the acidosis after HiWU reduces lactate accumulation and less CO 2 evolves from bicarbonate buffering. These findings are similar to our previous study (Mukai et al . 2008) but not to other studies (Tyler et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

“…1991). In our previous study (Mukai et al . 2008), the faster kinetics with a high‐intensity warm‐up exercise (60 s at 115% ) compared with the trial without a warm‐up was accompanied by higher resulting from enhanced extraction of O 2 by working muscles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…We have previously reported that high-intensity warm-up, 115% VO max 2 for 1 min, accelerates VO 2 kinetics and O2 delivery in working muscles more than moderate-intensity warm-up, 70% VO max 2 for 1 min or no warm-up (Mukai et al 2008). In our previous study, we used a warm-up protocol with the same warm-up duration, thus the running distance and total energy expenditure during each warm-up bout was different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…We have previously reported that high‐intensity warm‐up, 115% for 1 min, accelerates kinetics and O 2 delivery in working muscles more than moderate‐intensity warm‐up, 70% for 1 min or no warm‐up (Mukai et al . 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of three warm‐up regimens of equal distance onV̇o₂kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses

Mukai¹,

Hiraga²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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SummaryReasons for performing study: Several studies have indicated that even low-intensity warm-up increases O2 transport kinetics and that high-intensity warm-up may not be needed in horses. However, conventional warm-up exercise for Thoroughbred races is more intense than those utilised in previous studies of equine warm-up responses. Objectives: To test the hypothesis that warm-up exercise at different intensities alters the kinetics and total contribution of aerobic power to total metabolic power in subsequent supramaximal (sprint) exercise in Thoroughbred horses. Methods: Nine well-trained Thoroughbreds ran until fatigue at 115% of maximal oxygen consumption ( VO 2max ) 10 min after warming-up under each of 3 protocols of equal running distance: 400 s at 30% VO 2max (LoWU), 200 s at 60% VO 2max (MoWU) and 120 s at 100% VO 2max (HiWU). Variables measured during exercise were rates of O2 and CO2 consumption/production ( VO 2 , VCO 2 ), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate, blood lactate concentration and accumulation rate and blood gas variables. Results: VO 2 was significantly higher in HiWU than in LoWU at the onset of the sprint exercise and HR was significantly higher in HiWU than in LoWU throughout the sprint. Accumulation of blood lactate, RER, Paco2 and P v 2 CO in the first 60 s were significantly lower in HiWU than in LoWU and MoWU. There were no significant differences in stroke volume, run time or arterial-mixed venous O2 concentration. Conclusions: These results suggest HiWU accelerates VO 2 kinetics and reduces reliance on net anaerobic power compared with LoWU at the onset of the subsequent sprint.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of three warm‐up regimens of equal distance onV̇o₂kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses

Mukai¹,

Hiraga²,

Takahashi³

et al. 2010

Equine Veterinary Journal

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“…From these findings, the authors suggested that the oxygen pulse per kg BW and the shape of the pulse rate curve at the early stage of the test work could be used as indices of fatigue and work capacity of cattle as well as goats. Some of these findings were similar to those of warm-up studies in Thoroughbred racehorses [27, 28]. …”

Section: Studies On Biomechanics Of Draft Horses and Exercise Physiolsupporting

confidence: 85%

Studies on the exercise physiology of draft horses performed in Japan during the 1950s and 1960s

Hiraga

Sugano

2017

JES

Self Cite

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Although the total number of horses raised in Japan dramatically decreased after World War II, because draft horses were still used for farm work in paddy fields and on farms during the period of the 1950s and 1960s, a performance test for selecting better draft horses was needed. In order to determine the most suitable size of draft horses for Japanese farm conditions, the working power of horses weighing from 185 to 622 kg was evaluated by performing an endurance test, several kinds of working power tests, and maximum pulling power tests. Oxygen consumption during draft exercise was measured by the Douglas bag method in order to evaluate effects of draft workload under the conditions of different types of work (14- and 18-cm plow depths, cultivator, and tillage), traction methods (shoulder traction, shoulder-trunk traction, and chest-trunk traction), walking speeds (40, 60, 80, 100, and 120 m/min), and depths of water (0, 18, 36, and 54 cm) on energy expenditure. The relationship between energy consumption and pulse rate during exercise was also evaluated. A study of a performance test for draft horses was conducted to establish a new approach for evaluating draft horse performance using heart rate as an index. For this study, a beat meter for measuring heart rate was developed, and experimental protocols were used to evaluate the relationship between heart rate and workload. Although the research results obtained from these studies do not have particular relevance in the current day, these studies are valuable for understanding the history of equine exercise physiology in Japan.

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Activity affects intraspecific body-size scaling of metabolic rate in ectothermic animals

2009

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Metabolic rate is commonly thought to scale with body mass (M) to the 3/4 power. However, the metabolic scaling exponent (b) may vary with activity state, as has been shown chiefly for interspecific relationships. Here I use a meta-analysis of literature data to test whether b changes with activity level within species of ectothermic animals. Data for 19 species show that b is usually higher during active exercise (mean +/- 95% confidence limits = 0.918 +/- 0.038) than during rest (0.768 +/- 0.069). This significant upward shift in b to near 1 is consistent with the metabolic level boundaries hypothesis, which predicts that maximal metabolic rate during exercise should be chiefly influenced by volume-related muscular power production (scaling as M (1)). This dependence of b on activity level does not appear to be a simple temperature effect because body temperature in ectotherms changes very little during exercise.

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Effects of warm-up intensity on oxygen transport during supramaximal exercise in horses

Abstract: HiWU and MoWU increased peak values for VO(2) and decreased blood lactate accumulation rate during the first minute of intense exercise, suggesting a greater use of aerobic than net anaerobic power during this period.

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of three warm‐up regimens of equal distance onV̇o₂kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses

Effects of three warm‐up regimens of equal distance onV̇o₂kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses

Studies on the exercise physiology of draft horses performed in Japan during the 1950s and 1960s

Activity affects intraspecific body-size scaling of metabolic rate in ectothermic animals

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Effects of warm-up intensity on oxygen transport during supramaximal exercise in horses

Abstract: HiWU and MoWU increased peak values for VO(2) and decreased blood lactate accumulation rate during the first minute of intense exercise, suggesting a greater use of aerobic than net anaerobic power during this period.

Cited by 12 publications

References 28 publications

Effects of three warm‐up regimens of equal distance onV̇o2kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses

Effects of three warm‐up regimens of equal distance onV̇o2kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses

Studies on the exercise physiology of draft horses performed in Japan during the 1950s and 1960s

Activity affects intraspecific body-size scaling of metabolic rate in ectothermic animals

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Effects of three warm‐up regimens of equal distance onV̇o₂kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses

Effects of three warm‐up regimens of equal distance onV̇o₂kinetics during supramaximal exercise in Thoroughbred horses