Effects of wastewater sludge, urea and charcoal on greenhouse gas emissions in pots planted with wheat

Emission of CO2 from biochar‐amended soils and implications for soil organic carbon

“…The search resulted in 46 peer‐reviewed papers published from 2009 to 2014 that were suitable for being included in the meta‐analysis (Spokas & Reicosky, ; Spokas et al ., ; Steinbeiss et al ., ; Novak et al ., ; Smith et al ., ; Bruun et al ., ; Jones et al ., ; Kharu et al ., ; Knoblauch et al ., ; Luo et al ., ; Streubel et al ., ; Zavalloni et al ., ; Zimmerman et al ., ; Aguilar‐Chávez et al ., ; Awad et al ., ; Bruun et al ., ; Case et al ., ; Dempster et al ., ; Galvez et al ., ; Jones et al ., ; Kuzyakov et al ., ; Quilliam et al ., ; Santos et al ., ; Singh et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ; Ameloot et al ., ; Bamminger et al ., ; Knicker et al ., ; Lai et al ., ; Major et al ., ; Malghani et al ., ; Mukome et al ., ; Saarnio et al ., ; Stewart et al ., ; van Zwieten et al ., ; Troy et al ., ; Yu et al ., ; Zhang et al ., ; Díaz‐Rojas et al ., ; Fernández et al ., ; Junna et al ., ; Maestrini et al ., ; Mukherjee & Zimmerman, ; Schimmelpfennig et al ., ; Sigua et al ., ; Whitman et al ., ). The database covered 288 side‐by‐side comparisons and is integrally available as an excel file at supporting information (Dataset_1_SuppInfo.xls).…”

“…The search resulted in 46 peer-reviewed papers published from 2009 to 2014 that were suitable for being included in the meta-analysis Steinbeiss et al, 2009;Novak et al, 2010;Smith et al, 2010;Bruun et al, 2011;Jones et al, 2011;Kharu et al, 2011;Knoblauch et al, 2011;Luo et al, 2011;Streubel et al, 2011;Zavalloni et al, 2011;Zimmerman et al, 2011;Aguilar-Ch avez et al, 2012;Awad et al, 2012;Bruun et al, 2012;Case et al, 2012;Dempster et al, 2012;Galvez et al, 2012;Jones et al, 2012;Kuzyakov et al, 2009;Quilliam et al, 2012;Santos et al, 2012;Singh et al, 2012;Zhang et al, 2012;Ameloot et al, 2013;Bamminger et al, 2013;Knicker et al, 2013;Lai et al, 2013;Major et al, 2010;Malghani et al, 2013;Mukome et al, 2013;Saarnio et al, 2013;Stewart et al, 2013;van Zwieten et al, 2013;Troy et al, 2013;Yu et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013;D ıaz-Rojas et al, 2014 ;Fern andez et al, 2014 ;Junna et al, 2014;Maestrini et al, 2014a;…”

“…Several studies have investigated this topic using isotope analysis. Findings suggested acceleration of SOC decomposition (Luo et al ., ; Farrell et al ., ), deceleration (Keith et al ., ; Knicker et al ., ), both effects (Zimmerman et al ., ; Bamminger et al ., ) or no effects on SOC decomposition (Jones et al ., ; Santos et al ., ; Díaz‐Rojas et al ., ), without indicating the probable cause(s) of this variation in effects (Maestrini et al ., b).…”

Biochar-mediated reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from soil amended with anaerobic digestates

“…Recent studies have investigated the effects on GHG emissions from soils amended with biochar and other fertilisers such as wastewater sludge, urea, ammonium chloride and potassium nitrate [15,22], however to date only one study has compared GHG emissions from soil simultaneously amended with anaerobic digestate and biochar [24]. Use of anaerobic digestate as an organic amendment will become more prevalent since there is an increasing drive to produce energy from waste in the UK [29] and elsewhere and to farm sustainably, meaning potentially greater use of organic fertilisers.…”

“…The impact of biochar on soil N 2 O fluxes is variable and depends on factors such as soil type, soil water content, additional fertiliser application, biochar feedstock and pyrolysis temperature [15,18e20]. N 2 O emissions have been measured from soil amended with anaerobic digestates [21] and from soil amended with biochar [22,23], but few have quantified the effects of N 2 O fluxes associated with AD and pyrolysis residues simultaneously [24].…”