Effects of water exchange protocols on water quality, sedimentation rate and production performance ofPenaeus monodonin earthen ponds

Abstract

This study was carried out in farmers' fields to quantify the total water and consumptive water use in grow-out culture of Penaeus monodon under recommended package of practice with two different water management protocols: T 1 , with no water exchange and T 2 , with regulated water exchange. Treatment-wise estimated total water use, was 2.09 and 2.43 ha-m 122 day À1 , while the computed consumptive water use index (m 3 kg À1 biomass) was 5.35 and 6.02 in T 1 and T 2 respectively. Lower rates of water exchange (T 2 ) showed significantly improved (P < 0.05) crop performance in terms of performance index (19.75 AE 0.75), production-size index (74.1 AE 3.4), survival rate (80.13 AE 1.7%) and productivity (2.44 AE 0.08 t) over the zero water exchange. The shrimp pond water quality suitability index (WQSI) infers that regulated water exchange (T 2 ) improved the overall suitability of water quality for shrimp culture. WQSI up to 90 days of culture ranged between 7.5-9.0 in T 2 , needs little management while in the last month of rearing, it was good with moderate management requirements. Treatment-wise sediment load ranged between 50.4-56.3 m 3 t À1 shrimp biomass. High intensity of water exchange and low apparent feed conversion ratio influenced in lowering the sedimentation rate. Regulated water exchange protocol (T 2 ) performed well (higher net total water productivity and net consumptive water productivity) against no water exchange (T 1 ). A higher OV:CC ratio (ratio of the output value to the cost of cultivation) indicated that T 2 had a distinct edge over the T 1 protocol.

Water budgeting in a carp-prawn polyculture system: impacts on production performance, water productivity and sediment stack

“…To evaluate the efficiency of water management, the gross total water productivity (GTWP), net total water productivity (NTWP) and net consumptive water productivity (NCWP) was calculated (USD m −3 ) keeping the total volume of water used in to account as described by Mohanty et al . (). The ratio of the output value to the cost of cultivation (OV‐CC ratio) was estimated.…”

“…Estimation of seepage and evaporation loss, consumptive and non‐consumptive water use (NWU) and consumptive water use index (CWUI) has already been described in detail in Mohanty, Mishra, Panda and Patil ().…”

Advances in the use of photoheterotrophic, mixotrophic and multi-trophic systems in marine shrimp farming

“…Thus, to control waste, this effluent is released into adjacent water bodies. Some studies have shown improved shrimp zootechnical performance with exchange of water (Green et al, 1999;Mohanty et al, 2015). However, these nutrient loads (N, P and organic carbon) were equivalent to 6.79 -71.9 kg of inorganic N, 0.63 -14.3 kg of P and 13.04 kg of total OC per ton of shrimp (Sahu et al, 2013;Boyd and Queiroz, 2001;Jackson et al 2003).…”

Impact of Water Resources Development and Technology Introductions on Livelihood of Farmers in Eastern India: A Case Study

“…dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, transparency, total alkalinity, nitrite-N, nitrate-N, ammonia and total suspended solids were monitored monthly using standard methods (American Public Health Association (APHA), 1995). Consumptive water use was computed by adding the water in the harvested biomass (about 0.75 m 3 t À1 ) with possible outflows from the pond such as evaporation, seepage, transpiration and regulated discharge (Mohanty et al, 2015). In the present study, transpiration loss was considered negligible as aquatic weeds were prevented from growing in and around the ponds.…”