Effects of water pretreatment on the extractable salinity gradient energy at river mouths: the case of Magdalena River, Caribbean Sea

Álvarez-Silva, Óscar; Maturana, Aymer; Pacheco-Bustos, Carlos; Osorio, Andrés F.

doi:10.1007/s40722-019-00141-y

Cited by 13 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Colombia-related researches in wave energy include energy potential assessments [100][101][102][103], and technology design [104]. Thermal and salinity gradient assessments include resource quantification and feasibility studies [105][106][107], identification of technical challenges [108][109][110][111][112], technology design [113], novel applications [12,114] and multidisciplinary studies that would serve as input for roadmaps [115,116]. Furthermore, some research focused on Colombia's marine energy opportunities [115,117,118].…”

Section: Colombiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives

et al. 2023

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This paper addresses the current status and future research and development perspectives associated with technologies to harness offshore renewable energy, including offshore wind, waves, tides, ocean currents, and thermal and salinity gradient, in South America (SA). It focuses on five countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia and Uruguay. At first, a comprehensive survey presents the number of scientific papers classified based on the resource to show the tendency and importance of such subjects in the academic community. Each country’s electricity matrix and grid connection are shown to understand the region’s renewable source participation situation. The potential of offshore renewable resources is addressed by considering the published technical papers in scientific journals. The main conflicts and synergies associated with ocean space utilization are presented by considering the exclusive economic zone of each country. The status of the regulatory frameworks to promote and development of offshore renewable energies is presented. Two sections are dedicated to presenting the active, decommissioned and planned projects, research groups and laboratory infrastructures to develop the technologies. The last section discusses the future perspectives on the development of this sector in SA. It is observed that SA, with more than 25,000 km of coastline, has a great potential for offshore renewable energy; however, so far, these resources have not been explored commercially. Larger investment in the sector, establishing an adequate legal framework and deploying full-scale demonstration projects at sea are necessary for the commercialization of such technologies in SA.

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Section: Colombiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives

et al. 2023

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“…Turbine efficiency is also considered when evaluating the net power, it is assumed to equal 85% [21]. Pretreatment power costs should also be considered; however, given the lack of state-of-the-art widely agreed-upon pretreatment technologies, and that these pretreatment costs would be similar in nearby locations, this energetic cost had to be excluded from the net power calculation in this case study [22][23][24]. Table 2 summarises some of the characteristics of the possible PRO power plant.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Power Consumed and Power Producedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of the Intake Locations of Salinity Gradient Plants Using Hydrodynamic and Membrane Models

Salamanca¹,

Álvarez-Silva

Higgins

et al. 2021

Water

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The gain in net power produced by Salinity Gradient plants in river mouths due to the optimal location of water intakes is analysed in this paper. More precisely, this work focuses on stratified river mouths and the membrane-based technology of Pressure-Retarded Osmosis. A methodology for this analysis is proposed and then applied to a case study in Colombia. Temperature, salinity and water discharge data were gathered at the Magdalena river mouth to develop a hydrodynamic model that represents the salinity profile along the river channel. The net power production of a pressure-retarded osmosis plant is then estimated based on the power produced at membrane level, considering different locations for the saltwater and freshwater intakes. The most adequate locations for the intakes are then deduced by balancing higher power production (due to higher salinity differences between the water intakes) with lower pumping costs (due to shorter pumping distances from the intakes). For the case study analysed, a gain of 14% can be achieved by carefully selecting the water intakes.

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“…In laboratory experiments using pure NaCl solutions—with salinities comparable to river and sea water—power densities are achieved of more than 2 W/m 2 [ 3 ]. However, with natural feed waters, there is the problem of biological matter, solid particles, and dissolved matter as sources of membrane fouling and spacer blockage, resulting in a reduction in power density [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Possible threats to the anion exchange membranes (AEM) and the cation exchange membranes (CEM) from divalent ions were mentioned as early as 1970 by Lacey in an article citing the Great Salt Lake in Utah as a possible source of RED, along with freshwater from one of the incoming rivers [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concepts and Misconceptions Concerning the Influence of Divalent Ions on the Performance of Reverse Electrodialysis Using Natural Waters

Veerman¹

2023

Membranes

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Divalent ions have a negative effect on the obtained power and efficiency of the reverse electrodialysis (RED) process when using natural waters. These effects can largely be attributed to the interaction between the various ions and the membranes, resulting in a decreased membrane voltage, an increased membrane resistance, and uphill transport of divalent ions. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of these differences and, if possible, to find underlying causes. The approach mainly followed that in literature articles that specifically focused on the effect of divalent ions on RED. It transpired that seven publications were useful because the methodology was well described and sufficient data was published. I found two widely shared misconceptions. The first concerns the role of the stack voltage in uphill transport of divalent ions; itis often thought that the open circuit voltage (OCV) must be taken into account, but it is plausible that the voltage under working conditions is the critical factor. The second debatable point concerns the methodology used to make a series of solutions to study the effect of divalent ions. Typically, solutions with a constant number of moles of salt are used; however, it is better to make a series with a constant ratio of equivalents of those salts. Moreover, it is plausible that the decreased voltage can be explained by the inherently lower Donnan potential of multi-charged ions and that increased resistance is caused by the fact that divalent ions—with a lower mobility there than the monovalent ions—occupy relatively much of the available space in the gel phase of the membrane. While both resistance and voltage play a decisive role in RED and probably also in other membrane processes like electrodialysis (ED), it is remarkable that there are so few publications that focus on measurements on individual membranes. The implications of these results is that research on the effect of divalent ions in RED, ED and similar processes needs to be more structured in the future. Relatively simple procedures can be developed for the determination of membrane resistance in solutions of mixtures of mono- and divalent salts. The same applies to determining the membrane potential. The challenge is to arrive at a standard method for equipment, methodology, and the composition of the test solutions.

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Effects of water pretreatment on the extractable salinity gradient energy at river mouths: the case of Magdalena River, Caribbean Sea

Cited by 13 publications

References 40 publications

A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives

A Review of Offshore Renewable Energy in South America: Current Status and Future Perspectives

Analysis of the Intake Locations of Salinity Gradient Plants Using Hydrodynamic and Membrane Models

Concepts and Misconceptions Concerning the Influence of Divalent Ions on the Performance of Reverse Electrodialysis Using Natural Waters

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