Effects of water soaking and/or sodium polystyrene sulfonate addition on potassium content of foods

Picq, Christian; Asplanato, Marion; Bernillon, Noémie; Fabre, Claudie; Roubeix, Mathilde; Ricort, Jean‐Marc

doi:10.3109/09637486.2014.908172

Cited by 12 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Similar results were found also by Aiimwe et al who showed that soaking did not change potassium content in a particular type of banana while boiling at 200 °C reduced potassium concentration from 1.4 ppm to 1 ppm after 60 min [ 37 ]. Poor results with soaking were found also by Picq et al with various types of foods ( Table 4 ) [ 40 ]. Preparation of food seems to be important: boiling potatoes after cubing or shredding results in a much greater loss of potassium [ 41 ].…”

Section: Dietary Intervention To Limit Potassium Intakementioning

confidence: 67%

“…Additional aspects useful to limit effective potassium intake is education about the use of cooking procedures (as soaking or boiling) in order to obtain food demineralization [ 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ]: boiling is able to remove up to 60–80% of the potassium content of several raw foods ( Table 4 )…”

Section: Dietary Intervention To Limit Potassium Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

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Dietary Approach to Recurrent or Chronic Hyperkalaemia in Patients with Decreased Kidney Function

et al. 2018

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Whereas the adequate intake of potassium is relatively high in healthy adults, i.e., 4.7 g per day, a dietary potassium restriction of usually less than 3 g per day is recommended in the management of patients with reduced kidney function, especially those who tend to develop hyperkalaemia including patients who are treated with angiotensin pathway modulators. Most potassium-rich foods are considered heart-healthy nutrients with high fibre, high anti-oxidant vitamins and high alkali content such as fresh fruits and vegetables; hence, the main challenge of dietary potassium management is to maintain high fibre intake and a low net fixed-acid load, because constipation and metabolic acidosis are per se major risk factors for hyperkalaemia. To achieve a careful reduction of dietary potassium load without a decrease in alkali or fibre intake, we recommend the implementation of certain pragmatic dietary interventions as follows: Improving knowledge and education about the type of foods with excess potassium (per serving or per unit of weight); identifying foods that are needed for healthy nutrition in renal patients; classification of foods based on their potassium content normalized per unit of dietary fibre; education about the use of cooking procedures (such as boiling) in order to achieve effective potassium reduction before eating; and attention to hidden sources of potassium, in particular additives in preserved foods and low-sodium salt substitutes. The present paper aims to review dietary potassium handling and gives information about practical approaches to limit potassium load in chronic kidney disease patients at risk of hyperkalaemia.

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Section: Dietary Intervention To Limit Potassium Intakementioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Dietary Intervention To Limit Potassium Intakementioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary Approach to Recurrent or Chronic Hyperkalaemia in Patients with Decreased Kidney Function

et al. 2018

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“…There appears to be a linear dose relationship, with higher doses of SPS predictably being associated with greater reductions in potassium. Pretreating EN with doses of SPS >1 g/mEq K does not appear to confer any additional reduction in potassium content but may result in greater increases in sodium content in EN, ultimately increasing the risk of hypernatremia [ 7 , 8 ]. Half of the patients in our cohort who received SPS doses ≤0.6 g/mEq K developed adverse effects as compared with 60% of patients who received higher SPS doses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pretreatment of enteral nutrition with sodium polystyrene sulfonate: effective, but beware the high prevalence of electrolyte derangements in clinical practice

Palma

Pavlick

Copelovitch

2017

Clinical Kidney Journal

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BackgroundCurrent treatment options for chronic hyperkalemia in children with chronic kidney disease include dietary restrictions or enteral sodium polystyrene sulfonate (SPS); however, dietary restrictions may compromise adequate nutrition and enteral SPS may be limited by palatability, adverse effects and feeding tube obstruction. A potentially safer alternative is to pretreat enteral nutrition (EN) with SPS prior to consumption. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pretreating EN with SPS in pediatric patients with hyperkalemia.MethodsWe performed a retrospective cohort study between September 2012 and May 2016 at the Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia. In all, 14 patients (age range 0.5–53.2 months) who received 19 courses of SPS pretreatment of EN were evaluated. Serum electrolytes were evaluated at baseline and within 1 week of initiating therapy. The primary endpoint was mean change in potassium at 7 days. Secondary endpoints included the mean change in serum sodium, chloride, bicarbonate, calcium, phosphorous and magnesium, as well as the percentage of patients who developed electrolyte abnormalities within the first week of treatment.ResultsSerum potassium levels decreased from 6.0 to 4.4 mmol/L (P < 0.001) and serum sodium levels increased from 135.8 to 141.3 mmol/L (P = 0.008) 1 week after initiating SPS pretreatment. No significant differences in mean serum calcium or magnesium levels were noted. Nevertheless, more than half of the courses resulted in at least one electrolyte abnormality, with hypokalemia (31.6%), hypernatremia (26.3%) and hypocalcemia (21.1%) occurring most frequently.ConclusionsPretreatment of EN with SPS is an effective method for treating chronic hyperkalemia in pediatric patients; however, close monitoring of electrolytes is warranted.

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“…Tomato fruits are rich in K + . While K + intake is useful for preventing hypertension [49], it is necessary to suppress intake in renal dysfunction [50]. Therefore, control of the K + concentration related to SlCCX is an important issue.…”

Section: Expression Profile Of Slcaca Genes In Vegetative Organs Flomentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Ca2+/Cation Antiporter Gene Family in Tomatoes

Amagaya

Shibuya

Nishiyama

et al. 2019

Plants

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The Ca2+/cation antiporter (CaCA) superfamily plays an important role in the regulation of the essential element Ca2+ and cation concentrations. Characterization and expression analyses of CaCA superfamily genes were performed in the tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) as a representative of dicotyledonous plants and fruit crops. Sixteen CaCA candidate genes were found and identified as tomato CaCA, SlCaCA, by a domain search. In a phylogenetic analysis of the SlCaCA superfamily, the 16 genes were classified into SlCAX, SlNCL, SlCCX, and SlMHX families. Among them, Solyc12g011070, belonging to the SlCAX family, had four splice variants, three of which were predicted to be nonfunctional because of a lack of important motifs. EF-hand domains were only found in SlNCL, in addition to consensus Na_Ca_ex domains, and the region containing EF-hand domains was characteristically long in some members of SlNCL. Furthermore, four genes of the SlCCX family were found to be intronless. As for intracellular localization, one SlCCX member was predicted to be localized to the plasma membrane, while other SlCCXs, SlCAXs, and SlMHXs were predicted to be localized to the vacuolar membrane. The expression patterns of SlCaCAs in various organs, including during several developmental stages of fruit, were classified into four groups. Genes involved in each of the SlCAX, SlNCL, and SlCCX gene families were categorized into three or four groups according to expression patterns, suggesting role sharing within each family. The main member in each subfamily and the members with characteristic fruit expression patterns included genes whose expression was regulated by sugar or auxin and that were highly expressed in a line having metabolite-rich fruit.

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Effects of water soaking and/or sodium polystyrene sulfonate addition on potassium content of foods

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

Dietary Approach to Recurrent or Chronic Hyperkalaemia in Patients with Decreased Kidney Function

Dietary Approach to Recurrent or Chronic Hyperkalaemia in Patients with Decreased Kidney Function

Pretreatment of enteral nutrition with sodium polystyrene sulfonate: effective, but beware the high prevalence of electrolyte derangements in clinical practice

Characterization and Expression Analysis of the Ca2+/Cation Antiporter Gene Family in Tomatoes

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