Effects of water temperature and air exposure on the lysosomal membrane stability of hemocytes in pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg)

Analysis of the potential geographic range of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg, 1793) based on surface seawater temperature satellite data and climate charts: the coast of South America as a study case

“…masses to the south along the Atlantic coast off South America and cold sub-Antarctic air masses to the north along the Pacific coast (Prohaska 1976). In regards to the direct effect of AT on C. gigas, recent experimental work has demonstrated that exposure to air temperatures due to the immersion/emersion cycles typical from intertidal environments causes stress in oysters (Zhang et al 2006;Song et al 2007). Furthermore, these experiments have shown that stress is higher in exposures to high air temperatures (Zhang et al 2006).…”

“…For C. gigas in particular, seawater temperature is a likely abiotic control on establishment because the lower threshold for gamete release is approximately 16°C and diseases appear problematic above 30°C (Ruiz et al 1992;Shatkin et al 1997). Atmospheric temperature could have an additional effect on intertidal oysters, particularly via heat stress or freezing, resulting in juvenile or adult mortality (Evans and Langdon 2006;Zhang et al 2006). Unfortunately, studies on the ability of NIS to establish in sites of new aquaculture projects often fail to take into consideration long-term environmental variability or trends (Diederich et al 2005).…”

Comparative pathology in bivalves: Aetiological agents and disease processes

“…In some cases, such as with the microsporidian Steinhausia mytilovum, pathogens may elicit a host defense response accompanied by a significant decrease in reproductive condition (including gonadal castration) and physiological condition (Bower et al, 1994). Previous investigations of bivalve stress using the neutral red retention (NRR) assay for lysosomal membrane stability, revealed that bivalve hemocytes can recover following removal of the stressor (Song et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2006). Viral infections such as with oyster herpesvirus (OsHV) result in cellular and tissue necrosis and in the case of OsHV intranuclear inclusions can be seen in histological sections by light microscopy (Comps and Cochennec, 1993).…”

Toxic Effects of Copper, Cadmium, and Methoxychlor Shown by Neutral Red Retention Assay in Two Species of Freshwater Molluscs

“…Our study is one of the few that addresses stress induced by heavy metals and pesticides as measured by this assay in freshwater invertebrates. It should be noted that environmental conditions such as aerial exposure [56], or high temperature and high salinity [49] can induce lysosomal destabilization. The two species examined in our study undergo periods of seasonal environmental fluctuation.…”