Effects of weathered sediment-bound dilbit on freshwater amphipods (Hyalella azteca)

Everitt, Sean; MacPherson, Stephanie; Brinkmann, Markus; Wiseman, Steve; Pyle, Greg G.

doi:10.1016/j.aquatox.2020.105630

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Samples for PAH analyses were pre-filtered (Whatman™ GF/F glass microfibre filters (0.7 µm) to remove high TSS concentrations prior to solid-phase extraction (SPE) to eliminate clogging of the filter. Subsequently, samples were analyzed following the method outlined in Everitt et al [ 22 ]. Briefly, samples were spiked with deuterium-labeled internal standard mix (500 mg/L of acenaphthene-d 10 , chrysene-d 12 , and phenanthrene-d 10 in acetone) provided by Sigma Aldrich (Oakville, ON) and extracted using solid-phase extraction (SPE; Waters Oasis HLB).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of stormwater discharge contamination and toxicity for a cold-climate urban landscape

2022

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Background Stormwater is water resulting from precipitation events and snowmelt running off the urban landscape, collecting in storm sewers, and typically being released into receiving water bodies through outfalls with minimal to no treatment. Despite a growing body of evidence observing its deleterious pollution impacts, stormwater management and treatment in cold climates remains limited, partly due to a lack of quality and loading data and modeling parameters. This study examines the quality of stormwater discharging during the summer season in a cold-climate, semi-arid Canadian city (Saskatoon, Saskatchewan). Results Seven stormwater outfalls with mixed-land-use urban catchments > 100 km2 were sampled for four summer (June–August 2019) storm events and analyzed for a suite of quality parameters, including total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), metals, and targeted polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). In addition, assessment of stormwater toxicity was done using the two toxicity assays Raphidocelis subcapitata (algae) and Vibrio fischeri (bacteria). Notable single-event, single-outfall contaminant pulses included of arsenic (420 µg/L), cadmium (16.4 µg/L), zinc (924 µg/L), fluorene (4.95 µg/L), benzo[a]pyrene (0.949 µg/L), pyrene (0.934 µg/L), phenanthrene (1.39 µg/L), and anthracene (1.40 µg/L). The IC50 in both R. subcapitata and V. fischeri was observed, if at all, above expected toxicity thresholds for individual contaminant species. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed no clear trends for individual sampling sites or sampling dates. In contrast, parameters were correlated with each other in groups including DOC, COD, TSS, and reduced algal toxicity; and total dissolved solids (TDS), sum of metals, and pH. Conclusions In general, stormwater characteristics were similar to those of previous studies, with a bulk of contamination carried by the first volume of runoff, influenced by a combination of rainfall depth, antecedent dry period, land use, and activity within the catchment. Roads, highways, and industrial areas contribute the bulk of estimated contaminant loadings. More intensive sampling strategies are necessary to contextualize stormwater data in the context of contaminant and runoff volume peaks.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of stormwater discharge contamination and toxicity for a cold-climate urban landscape

2022

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“…The procedure for creating WSD is illustrated in Figure S1 and was exactly as described in Everitt et al Briefly, Cold Lake Blend dilbit was weathered in a rotary evaporator until it achieved 10% mass loss (evaporation curve shown in Figure S2). Weathered dilbit was mixed with dechlorinated City of Lethbridge water and kaolin (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada) in glass bottles placed on their side on a shaker, producing WSD.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations of PAHs were determined in the 100% WAF, SDWAF, WSF, and SDWSF using gas chromatography mass spectrometry as described previously …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Weathered Sediment-Bound Dilbit to Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Everitt

Fujita

MacPherson

et al. 2021

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Due to high viscosity, bitumen extracted from the Alberta oil sands is diluted with natural gas condensates to form diluted bitumen (dilbit) to facilitate transport through pipelines. Dilbit that is spilled into or near a waterbody is subject to environmental weathering processes such as evaporation and interaction with sediments. This is the first study that assessed the toxicity of weathered sediment-bound dilbit (WSD) to fish early life stages. Exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to water-soluble fractions (WSFs) or water-accommodated fractions (WAFs) of WSD from 30 min to 120 h postfertilization resulted in pericardial edema, yolk sac edema, and incidences of uninflated swim bladder. The presence of oil-mineral aggregates (OMAs) in the WAFs greatly increased toxicity, despite all fractions having similar concentrations of dissolved polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). There were greater cyp1a mRNA abundances in larvae exposed to WAFs, suggesting that there were differences in bioavailability of PAHs between fractions. However, there was little evidence that embryotoxicity was caused by oxidative stress. Results suggest that evaporation and sediment interaction do not completely attenuate toxicity of dilbit to zebrafish early life stages, and OMAs in exposures exacerbate toxicity.

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“…The mixture of bitumen and diluents is called diluted bitumen, or dilbit. Industries typically use a ratio of 30% diluents to 70% bitumen for its transportation via pipelines, with higher diluent proportions added at lower temperatures (K. Lee et al, 2015;Oil Sands Magazine, 2018, 2020. The diluent in most frequent use is a condensate composed of ultra-light oils partitioned from natural gas wells.…”

Section: Diluted Bitumenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bioaccumulation and toxicokinetics of polycyclic aromatic compounds and metals in giant floater mussels (Pyganodon grandis) exposed to a simulated diluted bitumen spill

et al. 2022

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Effects of weathered sediment-bound dilbit on freshwater amphipods (Hyalella azteca)

Cited by 10 publications

References 25 publications

Assessment of stormwater discharge contamination and toxicity for a cold-climate urban landscape

Assessment of stormwater discharge contamination and toxicity for a cold-climate urban landscape

Toxicity of Weathered Sediment-Bound Dilbit to Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Bioaccumulation and toxicokinetics of polycyclic aromatic compounds and metals in giant floater mussels (Pyganodon grandis) exposed to a simulated diluted bitumen spill

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