Effects of weave path parameters on the geometry of wire arc additive manufactured features

Bultman, Jacob; Saldaña, Christopher

doi:10.1007/s00170-022-10546-z

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The weaving arc could improve effective width and effective rate by 167.1% and 8.1%. Compared with the increasing effective rate of 4.2% by optimizing process parameters [29], the weaving arc could increase the effective rate of the specimen obviously, which shows the same conclusion with Bultman et al [30]. The increase in effective width and the effective rate was due to the wider deposited bead width caused by weaving arc deposition, which also made a flatter surface for the deposited bead, thus it could provide much support surface for the subsequent deposited bead.…”

Section: Macroscopic Morphologysupporting

confidence: 73%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Weaving Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Based on Cold Metal Transfer Technique

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2023

Materials

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Based on the cold metal transfer (CMT) technique, a deposited wall of AZ91 magnesium alloy was fabricated by weaving wire and arc additive manufacturing (WAAM), the shaping, microstructure, and mechanical properties of the sample with the weaving arc were characterized and discussed by compared with the sample without the weaving arc, and the effects of the weaving arc on grain refinement and property enhancement of the AZ91 component by CMT-WAAM process were investigated. After introducing the weaving arc, the effective rate of the deposited wall could be increased from 84.2% to 91.0%, and the temperature gradient of the molten pool could be reduced with an increase in constitutional undercooling. The equiaxed α-Mg grains became more equiaxial due to the dendrite remelting, and the β-Mg17Al12 phases distributed uniformly induced by the forced convection after introducing the weaving arc. Compared to the deposited component fabricated by the CMT-WAAM process without the weaving arc, the average ultimate tensile strength and elongation of the component by weaving the CMT-WAAM process both increased. The weaving CMT-WAAM component showed isotropy and has better performance than the traditional cast AZ91 alloy.

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Section: Macroscopic Morphologysupporting

confidence: 73%

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Weaving Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Based on Cold Metal Transfer Technique

Zhang

Shen

et al. 2023

Materials

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“…This finding suggests that employing an oscillatory path strategy can effectively enhance the geometric accuracy and surface quality of fabricated components, making it a valuable technique in additive manufacturing processes. This improvement in the geometry of the fabricated wall has already been suggested by other authors who focused more on lateral waviness [32].…”

Section: Wall Symmetry Evaluation On Different Path Strategiessupporting

confidence: 68%

Symmetry Analysis in Wire Arc Direct Energy Deposition for Overlapping and Oscillatory Strategies in Mild Steel

Uralde

Veiga

Suárez³

et al. 2023

Symmetry

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The field of additive manufacturing has experienced a surge in popularity over recent decades, particularly as a viable alternative to traditional metal part production. Directed energy deposition (DED) is one of the most promising additive technologies, characterized by its high deposition rate, with wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) being a prominent example. Despite its advantages, DED is known to produce parts with suboptimal surface quality and geometric accuracy, which has been a major obstacle to its widespread adoption. This is due, in part, to a lack of understanding of the complex geometries produced by the additive layer. To address this challenge, researchers have focused on characterizing the geometry of the additive layer, particularly the outer part of the bead. This paper specifically investigates the geometrical characteristics and symmetry of walls produced by comparing two different techniques: an oscillated strategy and overlapping beads.

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“…However, it may incur longer build times, particularly for large and complex components, as it follows a sequential layering process. On the other hand, the oscillating deposition strategy aims to achieve faster build times by covering larger areas in each layer and distributing heat more evenly, potentially reducing thermal distortion [35][36][37]. This approach may sacrifice some surface quality in The mono-seam deposition strategy in Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) offers precision and control over the welding path, leading to accurate layer-by-layer buildup and a potentially smoother surface finish.…”

Section: Geometry Redesign and Contribution Strategymentioning

confidence: 99%

Benefits of Aeronautical Preform Manufacturing through Arc-Directed Energy Deposition Manufacturing

Suárez,

Ramiro,

Veiga

et al. 2023

Materials

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The paper introduces an innovative aerospace component production approach employing Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology to fabricate near-finished preforms from Ti6Al4V titanium. Tensile tests on WAAM Ti6Al4V workpieces demonstrated reliable mechanical properties, albeit with identified anisotropic behavior in horizontal samples, underscoring the need for optimization. This alternative manufacturing strategy addresses the challenges associated with machining forged preforms, marked by a high Buy To Fly (BTF) ratio (>10), leading to material wastage, prolonged machining durations, elevated tool expenses, and heightened waste and energy consumption. Additionally, logistical and storage costs are increased due to extended delivery timelines, exacerbated by supply issues related to the current unstable situation. The utilization of WAAM significantly mitigates initial BTF, preform costs, waste production, machining durations, and associated expenditures, while notably reducing lead times from months to mere hours. The novelty in this study lies in the application of Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM) technology for the fabrication of titanium aircraft components. This approach includes a unique height compensation strategy and the implementation of various deposition strategies, such as single-seam, overlapping, and oscillating.

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Effects of weave path parameters on the geometry of wire arc additive manufactured features

Cited by 10 publications

References 39 publications

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Weaving Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Based on Cold Metal Transfer Technique

Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Weaving Wire and Arc Additive Manufactured AZ91 Magnesium Alloy Based on Cold Metal Transfer Technique

Symmetry Analysis in Wire Arc Direct Energy Deposition for Overlapping and Oscillatory Strategies in Mild Steel

Benefits of Aeronautical Preform Manufacturing through Arc-Directed Energy Deposition Manufacturing

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