Effects of weekly regrouping of prepartum dairy cows on innate immune response and antibody concentration

Silva, P. R B; Moraes, J.G.N.; Mendonça, L.G.D.; Scanavez, A. A.; Nakagawa, G.; Ballou, Michael; Walcheck, Bruce; Haines, Deborah M.; Endres, Márcia I.; Chebel, R.C.

doi:10.3168/jds.2013-6752

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…There were no differences between treatments in plasma concentrations of NEFA or BHB, the incidence of retained placenta, metritis, endometritis, lameness or early culling, the prevalence of persistent anovulation, pregnancy at first or second insemination or energy-corrected milk yield. In a subset of 34 to 40 cows per treatment, there were no differences between treatments in neutrophil phagocytosis or oxidative burst function or expression of L-selection or CD18, production of IgG against ovalbumin, serum haptoglobin concentrations or concentrations of cortisol in blood (Silva et al, 2013a).…”

Section: Management and Social Stress Effectsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Review: Relationships between metabolism and neutrophil function in dairy cows in the peripartum period

LeBlanc

2020

Animal

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Aspects of neutrophil function are diminished or dysregulated in dairy cows in the weeks just before and after calving, which appears to be an important contributor to the occurrence of retained placenta, mastitis, metritis and endometritis. The timing and mechanisms by which specific elements of neutrophil function are impaired are only partially understood. Oxidative burst capacity is the element of neutrophil function most consistently shown to be impaired in the week after calving, but that observation may partially be biased because oxidative burst has been studied more than other functions. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the availability of calcium and glucose, and exposure to elevated concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids or β-hydroxybutyrate affect some aspects of neutrophil function. However, these factors have mostly been studied in isolation and their effects are not consistent. Social stressors such as a competitive environment for feeding or lying space should plausibly impair innate immune function, but when studied under controlled conditions such effects have generally not been produced. Similarly, treatment with recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor consistently produces large increases in circulating neutrophil count with modest improvements in function, but this does not consistently reduce the incidence of clinical diseases thought to be importantly attributable to impaired innate immunity. Research is now needed that considers the interactions among known and putative risk factors for impaired neutrophil function in dairy cows in the transition period.

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Section: Management and Social Stress Effectsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Review: Relationships between metabolism and neutrophil function in dairy cows in the peripartum period

LeBlanc

2020

Animal

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“…Very little peer-reviewed literature has examined metabolic health of transition cows relative to housing environment. Two recent studies with adequate statistical power that examined prepartum housing found no difference in the incidence of retained fetal membranes or metritis or in concentrations of NEFA or BHB with housing strategies intended to reduce social stress (Silva et al 2013a(Silva et al , 2014.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

The effect of prepartum feeding and lying space on metabolic health and immune function

Miltenburg

Duffield

Bienzle

et al. 2018

Journal of Dairy Science

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The determinants of metabolic and reproductive health disorders in the peripartum period and the degree to which feeding and lying space and management can influence health are only partially understood. The objective of this randomized controlled study was to determine whether providing noncompetitive feeding and lying access in the close-up dry period improves health and immune function. Forty-eight Holstein cows of all parities were randomly assigned to a treatment group of 6 to 10 cows in 1 pen with either 80% cows to stalls and 90 cm of feeding space per cow (understocked) or 120% stocking density and 45 cm of feeding space per cow (overstocked) for 3 wk before expected calving. All cows wore electronic data loggers to monitor daily standing and lying time. Video recordings representing d 7 to 9 after group formation were reviewed, and a competition index (C_Ind) was calculated for each cow by dividing the number of times a cow displaced another as an actor by its total number of actor and reactor displacements. Cows were categorized as high success (C_Ind ≥0.6), moderate success (0.4 ≤ C_Ind <0.6), or low success (C_Ind <0.4). Weekly blood samples measured nonesterified fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate, calcium, glucose, albumin, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, haptoglobin, insulin, and insulin-like growth factor-1 from 3 wk before to 5 wk after calving. Measures of innate immune function (neutrophil phagocytosis and oxidative burst) were assessed at -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, and 5 wk relative to calving. Liver biopsies were collected at wk 1 and 3. Cows in the understocked group spent significantly more time per day lying; the back-transformed least squares means and 95% confidence interval were 14.8 h (13.9-15.6) versus 12.8 h (12.0-13.7). Controlling for parity, there was no difference between treatments in β-hydroxybutyrate, nonesterified fatty acids, glucose, insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, aspartate aminotransferase, bilirubin, or haptoglobin concentrations. Throughout the study, cows in the understocked treatment had higher mean calcium and tended to have higher albumin and at 3 wk after calving tended to have lower mean liver triacylglycerol content. Overall, there was no treatment effect on phagocytosis, but cows with a higher C_Ind in the understocked treatment group had greater oxidative burst function. There was no effect of treatment on endometritis. Despite increased competition and lower lying time, the expected harmful effects of crowding and competition on metabolic indicators and innate immune function were mostly not observed. Although this does not refute the importance of access to feeding and lying space, these results indicate that metabolic and reproductive health is more complex than can be explained solely by exposure to what are understood to be best practices for space allowances.

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“…This important result can be explained on the basis of many aspects. Animals in group housing are often regrouped with unfamiliar herd-mates [34,45,46], and this regrouping can induce stress-related behavioural and physiological reactions. Generally, after relocating into the unknown barn, cows stand only, do not want to eat and lie down, and relax.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dairy Cows Produce Less Milk and Modify Their Behaviour during the Transition between Tie-Stall to Free-Stall

Brouček

Uhrinčať

Mihina

et al. 2017

Animals

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Simple SummaryThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of moving cows from the barn with stanchion-stall housing to free-stall housing on their behaviour and production. Cows lay down up to ten hours after removing. The cows in their second lactation and open cows tended to lie sooner after removing than cows in their first lactation and pregnant cows. The times of total lying and rumination were increasing from the first day to the tenth day after removing. Cows produced 23.3% less milk at the first day following the transfer than at the last day prior to moving (23.76 ± 7.20 kg vs. 30.97 ± 7.26 kg, p < 0.001). Loss of milk was gradually reduced and on the 14th day, cows achieved maximum production. The difference was found in milk losses due to the shift between cows in first and second lactation.AbstractTransfer of cattle to an unknown barn may result in a reduction in its welfare. Housing and management practices can result in signs of stress that include a long-term suppression of milk efficiency. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of moving cows from the stanchion-stall housing to free-stall housing on their behaviour and production. The Holstein cows were moved into the new facility with free-stall housing from the old barn with stanchion-stall housing. Cows lay down up to ten hours (596.3 ± 282.7 min) after removing. The cows in their second lactation and open cows tended to lie sooner after removing than cows in their first lactation and pregnant cows. The times of total lying and rumination were increasing from the first day to the tenth day after removing (23.76 ± 7.20 kg vs. 30.97 ± 7.26 kg, p < 0.001). Cows produced 23.3% less milk at the first day following the transfer than at the last day prior to moving (p < 0.001). Loss of milk was gradually reduced and maximum production was achieved on the 14th day. The difference was found in milk losses due to the shift between cows on the first and second lactation (p < 0.01). The results of this study suggest that removing from the tie-stall barn with a pipeline milking system into the barn with free-stall housing and a milking parlour caused a decline in the cows’ milk production. However, when the cows are moved to a better environment, they rapidly adapt to the change.

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Effects of weekly regrouping of prepartum dairy cows on innate immune response and antibody concentration

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

Review: Relationships between metabolism and neutrophil function in dairy cows in the peripartum period

Review: Relationships between metabolism and neutrophil function in dairy cows in the peripartum period

The effect of prepartum feeding and lying space on metabolic health and immune function

Dairy Cows Produce Less Milk and Modify Their Behaviour during the Transition between Tie-Stall to Free-Stall

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