Effects of Weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum), Teosinte (Dioon mejiae) and Caesar’s Mushroom (Amanita caesarea) on the Properties of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K

Abstract

Weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum) powder, teosinte (Dioon mejiae) and Caesar’s mushroom (Amanita caesarea) flour have bioactive compounds with significant nutritional applications. This paper aimed to examine the influence of weevil, teosinte, and mushroom powders on the protease activity, acid tolerance, bile tolerance, lysozyme tolerance, and gastric juice resistance ability of Lactobacillus acidophilus LA-K. Acid tolerance was determined by adjusting the pH of MRS broth to 2.0 for L. acidophilus incubated under aerobic conditions at 37 °C. Bile tolerance was determined by incorporating 0.3% of oxgall. Protease activity was determined spectrophotometrically at 340 nm. Resistance to 100 mg/L of lysozyme in an electrolyte solution was also determined. All ingredients were incorporated at 2% (w/v), while the control had no added ingredients. Acid and lysozyme tolerance were examined at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min of incubation, whereas bile tolerance was analyzed at 0, 4, and 8 h. Gastric juice tolerance was determined at pH 2, 3, 4, 5, and 7 during 0 and 30 min of incubation, while protease activity was evaluated at 0, 12, and 24 h. Use of weevil flour, and Caesar’s mushroom powder resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower counts for bile tolerance, acid tolerance, lysozyme resistance and simulated gastric juice tolerance characteristics. Protease activity increased with the use of teosinte flour. As such, this probiotic bacterium can be used alongside certain novel food sources at 2% concentration in the manufacture of fermented products such as yogurt.

Impact of Novel Functional Ingredients on Lactobacillus casei Viability

“…Furthermore, for other plants, such as carao (Cassia grandis), Paz et al (2022) [20] reported the bile tolerance of L. bulgaricus over 8 h of incubation in MRS broth, with it having 0.03% oxgall and improvement with growth. In addition, showed that Caesar mushroom and weevil powders inhibit the growth of L. acidophilus under oxgall salt (0.03%) in MRS broth [21]. The bile in the gallbladder originates in the liver.…”

“…Aleman et al ( 2023) [19] examined the acid tolerance of L. acidophilus and concluded that nipple fruit improved the growth in MRS broth. In addition, Aleman et al (2023) [21] showed that Caesar mushroom and weevil powders inhibit the growth of L. acidophilus under acidic conditions. The buffering capacity of potential compounds in the nipple fruit could prevent bacteria decay under acidified conditions.…”

“…However, Caesar mushroom and weevil powders resulted in significantly (p < 0.05) lower counts. Nipple fruit have considerable amounts of sucrose [21], and this substrate could be used for the survivability of L. casei. Furthermore, [19] examined the acid lysozyme of L. acidophilus and concluded that nipple fruit improved its growth in MRS broth.…”

“…Paz et al (2022) [20] also reported that carao improved the acid and bile tolerance of L. bulgaricus in MRS broth. In addition, showed that Caesar mushroom and weevil powders inhibit the growth of L. acidophilus in an electrolyte solution with lysozyme [21]. Lysozyme destroys the peptidoglycan barrier, an important cytoplasmic membrane element [37].…”

Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus Attributes as Influenced by Carao (Cassia grandis) Fruit Parts

“…Fruits and other plant-derived products have the potential to serve as effective substrates for probiotics, given their content of vitamins, minerals, fiber, carbohydrates, and antioxidant elements [4]. Recently, the probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria were examined concerning new food sources such as weevil (Rhynchophorus palmarum), nipple fruit (Solanum mammosum), teosinte (Dioon mejiae), and Caesar mushroom (Amanita caesarea) [5][6][7][8][9]. Carao has been used in yogurt and it shows great antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential [10].…”