Effects of whey protein and dietary fiber intake on insulin sensitivity, body composition, energy expenditure, blood pressure, and appetite in subjects with abdominal obesity

Fuglsang-Nielsen, Rasmus; Rakvaag, Elin; Langdahl, Bente; Knudsen, Knud Erik Bach; Hartmann, Bolette; Holst, Jens J.; Hermansen, Kjeld; Gregersen, Søren

doi:10.1038/s41430-020-00759-4

Cited by 24 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 53 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In a similar dietary intervention study on type 2 diabetic subjects a high protein diet improved HbA1c but not HOMA-IR, indicating that primarily postprandial insulin sensitivity was affected ( 38 ), which is not reflected in HOMA-IR. In our study, postprandial insulin sensitivity assessed by Matsuda index was however unaffected (data shown elsewhere ( 24 ),). As the present study was primarily designed to identify changes in the lipid metabolism and not in bone markers or insulin resistance, we may not have had enough subjects to obtain significant changes, which naturally is a weakness of this post hoc study.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Effects of 12-Weeks Whey Protein Supplements on Markers of Bone Turnover in Adults With Abdominal Obesity – A Post Hoc Analysis

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundWhile osteoporosis is characterized by skeletal fragility due to increased bone turnover and low bone mineral density (BMD), subjects with abdominal obesity and type-2 diabetes have increased risk of bone fractures despite low bone turnover and increased BMD. Diets with increased protein content are reported to increase bone turnover in healthy adults and may be a point of interest in preserving bone strength in subjects with abdominal obesity and/or type-2 diabetes.MethodsWe examined the effect of 12-weeks dietary intervention on bone turnover in 64 adults with abdominal obesity using data from the MERITS trial. The trial was a randomized, controlled, double blinded study in which participants were allocated to receive either 60 g/d of whey protein hydrolysate or maltodextrin in combination with either high (30 g/d) or low dietary fiber intake (10 g/d). Primarily, we assessed changes in plasma markers of bone turnover Procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (p1NP), C-terminal telopeptide type-1 collagen (CTX), and parathyroid hormone (PTH) within the four intervention groups. In addition, we measured u-calcium and u-carbamide excretion, 25(OH)D, and BMD by whole body DXA scans. Finally, we compared changes in insulin resistance (Homeostasis-model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR) with changes in bone turnover markers.The trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02931630.ResultsSixty-four subjects were included in the study. We did not find any effect of twelve weeks of high protein or high fiber intake on plasma levels of P1NP or CTX. There was a nonsignificant positive association between protein intake and PTH levels (p=0.06). U-calcium and u-carbamide increased in both protein groups. There was a positive association between change in HOMA-IR and PTH (p=0.042), while changes in P1NP and CTX did not associate to changes in HOMA-IR.ConclusionTwelve weeks of increased whey protein intake in subjects with abdominal obesity did not affect markers of bone turnover significantly, although tended to increase PTH levels. Dietary fiber intake did not affect bone turnover. We report a positive association between change in HOMA-IR and PTH supporting a hypothesis of insulin resistance as a potential key factor in the expanding field of bone fragility in T2D subjects.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The intervention did not affect insulin resistance within the four groups (additional data on insulin resistance reported elsewhere ( 24 )). Table 3 displays the association between change in insulin resistance and change in bone turnover markers by linear regression analysis in all subjects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 70%

The Effects of 12-Weeks Whey Protein Supplements on Markers of Bone Turnover in Adults With Abdominal Obesity – A Post Hoc Analysis

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There is substantial evidence that diets high in protein or prebiotic fiber decrease food intake, [8,[50][51][52] however, less is known about the interactions of these diets with exercise on energy intake. For example, food intake did not differ among sedentary or exercising obese rats fed either casein or skim milk powder, [26] normal whey protein (10%) or high whey protein (45%), [53] and casein or whey protein.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diets Containing Egg or Whey Protein and Inulin Fiber Improve Energy Balance and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Exercising Obese Rats

Avirineni

Singh

Zapata

et al. 2022

Molecular Nutrition Food Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Scope: Dietary protein, prebiotic fiber, and exercise individually have been shown to aid in weight loss; however less is known of their combined effects on energy balance. The effects of diets high in protein and fiber, with exercise, on energy balance, hormones, and gut microbiota, were determined. Methods and Results: Obese male rats were fed high-fat diets with high protein and fiber contents from egg protein and cellulose, egg protein and inulin, whey protein and cellulose, or whey protein and inulin, together with treadmill exercise. We found that inulin enriched diets decreased energy intake and respiratory quotient (RQ), increased energy expenditure (EE), and upregulated transcripts for cholecystokinin (CCK), peptide YY, and proglucagon in distal gut. Notably, CCK1-receptor blockade attenuated the hypophagic effects of diets and in particular whey-inulin diet, and 𝜷-adrenergic blockade reduced EE across all diets. Egg-cellulose, egg-inulin, and whey-inulin diets decreased weight gain, adiposity, and hepatic lipidosis; decreased lipogenic transcripts, improved glycemic control, and upregulated hepatic glucose metabolism transcripts; and decreased plasma insulin and leptin. Importantly, diet was linked to altered gut microbial composition and plasma metabolomics, and a subset of predicted metagenome pathways and plasma metabolites significantly correlated, with plasma butyric acid the most strongly associated to metagenome function. Conclusion: Combination of dietary egg or whey protein with inulin and exercise improved energy balance, glucose metabolism, upregulated anorectic hormones, and selectively modulated gut microbiota and plasma metabolites.

show abstract

“…Also, a high-sensitivity immunoturbidimetric assay (Hitachi 902 analyzer; Hitachi Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) was used to measure serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP). Furthermore, the homeostasis model assessment method was used to determine insulin resistance via the HOMA-IR formula as follows: fasting serum insulin (mlU/L) × FBS (mmol/L)/22.5 ( 50 ). HOMA-IR cut-off values > 2.63 are considered as the presence of insulin resistance ( 51 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The association of Carbohydrate Quality Index with cardiovascular disease risk factors among women with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeDiet is one of the most important factors influencing cardiovascular disease (CVD). The negative relationship between carbohydrate intake with lipid profiles and body weight has been previously investigated. However, this is the first study seeking to assess the association of carbohydrate quality index (CQI) with CVD risk factors.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted on 291 Iranian overweight and obese women, with a body mass index (BMI) ranging between 25 and 40 kg/m2, and aged 18–48 years. CQI scores were calculated by using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Biochemical and anthropometric measures were assessed using standard methods, and bioelectrical impedance was used to measure body composition.ResultsWe observed that fruits (P < 0.001), vegetables (P < 0.001), and protein (P = 0.002) intake were higher in participants with a higher score of the CQI. When we adjusted for potential confounders, we observed that the CQI was negatively related to systolic blood pressure (SBP) (β = −6.10; 95% CI = −10.11, −2.10; P = 0.003) and DBP (β = −3.11; 95% CI = −6.15, −0.08; P = 0.04). Also, greater adherence to a high CQI dietary pattern, compared to the reference group, was negatively related to HOMA-IR (β = −0.53; 95% CI = −0.94, −0.12) (P for trend = 0.01), WC (β = −3.18; 95% CI = −6.26, −0.10) (P for trend = 0.04), BMI (β = −1.21; 95% CI = −2.50, 0.07) (P for trend = 0.06), and BF (β = −2.06; 95% CI = −3.82, −0.30) (P for trend = 0.02).ConclusionIn line with previous studies, the CQI was inversely associated with blood pressure, WC, BMI, and BF. Further prospective and clinical trial studies are suggested to confirm these data.

show abstract

Effects of whey protein and dietary fiber intake on insulin sensitivity, body composition, energy expenditure, blood pressure, and appetite in subjects with abdominal obesity

Cited by 24 publications

References 53 publications

The Effects of 12-Weeks Whey Protein Supplements on Markers of Bone Turnover in Adults With Abdominal Obesity – A Post Hoc Analysis

The Effects of 12-Weeks Whey Protein Supplements on Markers of Bone Turnover in Adults With Abdominal Obesity – A Post Hoc Analysis

Diets Containing Egg or Whey Protein and Inulin Fiber Improve Energy Balance and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Exercising Obese Rats

The association of Carbohydrate Quality Index with cardiovascular disease risk factors among women with overweight and obesity: A cross-sectional study

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About