Effects of white noise on procedural pain-related cortical response and pain score in neonates: A randomized controlled trial

Intervention strategies for white noise alleviating procedural pain in newborns: A systematic review

“…After screening by learning titles and abstracts, 69 records were screened. After reading the full text, 18 studies were finally included in this review (Cetinkaya et al, 2022; Döra & Büyük, 2021; Duan, Yang, & Yang, 2017; Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017; Dur et al, 2022; Ju, 2019; Kahraman et al, 2020; Karakoç & Türker, 2014; Kucukoglu et al, 2016; Pang, 2019; Ren, Li, et al, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019; Ren et al, 2021, 2022; Shao et al, 2019; Taplak & Bayat, 2021; Wang et al, 2020; Yang, 2021).…”

“…The sample size of each study ranged from 32 to 296, with a total sample size of 1675 participants included in this review. 12 studies (Döra & Büyük, 2021; Duan, Yang, & Yang, 2017; Dur et al, 2022; Kahraman et al, 2020; Kucukoglu et al, 2016; Pang, 2019; Ren et al, 2021; Ren, Li, et al, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019; Shao et al, 2019; Taplak & Bayat, 2021; Wang et al, 2020) targeted for preterm infants and 6 (Cetinkaya et al, 2022; Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017; Ju, 2019; Karakoç & Türker, 2014; Ren et al, 2022; Yang, 2021) for newborns.…”

“…All 18 studies had a quality assessment grade of B. 10 studies (Cetinkaya et al, 2022; Dur et al, 2022; Ju, 2019; Kahraman et al, 2020; Pang, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019; Ren et al, 2021, 2022; Taplak & Bayat, 2021; Yang, 2021) reported detailed information about randomisation methods. 15 studies (Cetinkaya et al, 2022; Duan, Yang, & Yang, 2017; Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017; Dur et al, 2022; Ju, 2019; Karakoç & Türker, 2014; Kucukoglu et al, 2016; Pang, 2019; Ren et al, 2021; Ren, Li, et al, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019; Shao et al, 2019; Taplak & Bayat, 2021; Wang et al, 2020; Yang, 2021) did not use allocation concealment.…”

“…The included literature was in Chinese and English and published from 2014–2022, including 14 (Cetinkaya et al, 2022; Dur et al, 2022; Ju, 2019; Kahraman et al, 2020; Karakoç & Türker, 2014; Kucukoglu et al, 2016; Pang, 2019; Ren, Li, et al, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019; Ren et al, 2021, 2022; Taplak & Bayat, 2021; Wang et al, 2020; Yang, 2021) randomised controlled trials and 4 (Döra & Büyük, 2021; Duan, Yang, & Yang, 2017; Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017; Shao et al, 2019) Quasi‐experimental designs. 7 studies (Cetinkaya et al, 2022; Döra & Büyük, 2021; Dur et al, 2022; Karakoç & Türker, 2014; Kucukoglu et al, 2016; Kahraman et al, 2020; Taplak & Bayat, 2021;) were performed in Turkey and 11 studies (Duan, Yang, & Yang, 2017; Duan, Zhao, et al, 2017; Ju, 2019; Pang, 2019; Ren, Li, et al, 2019; Ren, Wang, et al, 2019; Ren et al, 2021, 2022; Shao et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2020; Yang, 2021) were performed in China. The sample size of each study ranged from 32 to 296, with a total sample size of 1675 participants included in this review.…”

“…In these studies, Taplak and Bayat (2021) revealed that the pain scores of preterm infants were lower in the white noise group than in the control group at 1 min before the procedures. However, the studies of Dur et al (2022), Döra and Büyük (2021), Wang et al (2020) and Ren et al (2022) showed that the pain scores, heart rate, respiratory rate, oxygen saturation level and regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rScO2) of infants were not statistically different between the white noise group and control group before the painful procedures. The research assistant placed the prepared music player about 20 cm away from the head of neonates in their incubators.…”