Effects of wind disturbance and salvage harvesting on macrofungal communities in a Pinus woodland

Ford, Scott; Kleinman, Jonathan S.; Hart, Justin L.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2017.10.010

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…also dominated in stands 10 years after fire and windstorms [48]. Buscardo et al [49] and Ford et al [50] considered T. terrestris and Wilcoxina species to be stress-tolerant, being able to survive disturbances or rapidly re-establish after disturbances [51]. Propagules of T. terrestris and Wilcoxina are also commonly found in spore banks [52].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Fungal Community in Norway Spruce Forests under Bark Beetle Attack

Veselá

Vašutová

Edwards‐Jonášová

et al. 2019

Forests

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Bark beetle infestation is a widespread phenomenon in temperate forests, which are facing significant weather fluctuations accompanying climate change. Fungi play key roles in forest ecosystems as symbionts of ectomycorrhizal trees, decomposers, or parasites, but the effect of severe disturbances on their communities is largely unknown. The responses of soil fungal communities following bark beetle attack were determined using Illumina sequencing of soil samples from 10 microsites in a mature forest not attacked by bark beetle, a forest attacked by bark beetle, a forest destroyed by bark beetle, and a stand where all trees were removed after a windstorm. The proportion of ITS2 sequences assigned to mycorrhizal fungal species decreased with increased intensity of bark beetle attack (from 70 to 15%), whereas the proportion of saprotrophs increased (from 29 to 77%). Differences in the ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungal community was further characterized by a decrease in the sequence proportion of Elaphomyces sp. and Russula sp. and an increase in Piloderma sp., Wilcoxina sp., and Thelephora terrestris. Interestingly, the species composition of the ECM fungal community in the forest one year after removing the windstorm-damaged trees was similar to that of the mature forest, despite the sequence proportion attributed to ECM fungi decreased.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soil Fungal Community in Norway Spruce Forests under Bark Beetle Attack

Veselá

Vašutová

Edwards‐Jonášová

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…In a Pinus palustris woodland, salvage-mediated habitat homogenization was associated with reduced ground flora diversity and macrofungal richness and fruiting abundance (Ford et al 2018, Kleinman and. However, salvaged sites hosted the greatest P. palustris sapling densities, indicating that recovery toward pre-disturbance canopy conditions was not delayed (Kleinman et al 2017).…”

Section: Wind and Salvage Loggingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Ecological consequences of compound disturbances in forest ecosystems: a systematic review

et al. 2019

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Investigations of compound disturbances that alter forest resilience (i.e., recovery time or trajectory) have escalated over the past two decades. We used a systematic approach to identify and describe the ecological consequences of discrete forest disturbance events involved in compound interactions. Fire, wind disturbance, and salvage logging were the most common disturbance types investigated. Most compound interactions occurred in North America and involved five or fewer years between disturbances. Common and interrelated disturbance legacies that facilitated compound interactions included reduced seed source availability, deadwood deposition and extraction, and increased light and growing space availability. Forest recovery was assessed with a diversity of metrics including woody and herbaceous plants, soil properties, and carbon stocks, which sometimes determined whether and what kind of compound interaction was detected. Distinctions between recovery time and trajectory, forest succession and development, and species-specific and community-level responses also influenced the detection and direction of compound interactions. Moving forward, we advocate a more holistic approach to quantify ecosystem recovery that considers multiple response variables. Other opportunities to improve compound disturbance ecology include increased emphasis on understudied disturbance types, regions, and forest types. We also encourage more research on buffering interactions that increase forest resilience, which were underrepresented in this review.

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“…In March 2016, we opportunistically delineated three disturbance categories: mature, wind‐disturbed, and salvage‐logged (Kleinman et al, 2017; Ford et al, 2018). Mature sites were not impacted by the tornado, wind‐disturbed sites were directly impacted by the tornado but not logged, and salvage‐logged sites were directly impacted by the tornado and salvage‐logged.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Mature sites were not impacted by the tornado, wind‐disturbed sites were directly impacted by the tornado but not logged, and salvage‐logged sites were directly impacted by the tornado and salvage‐logged. The density of live woody stems ≥5 cm diameter at 1.37 m above root collar was 325 stems/ha in mature sites and 31 stems/ha in both wind‐disturbed and salvage‐logged sites (Kleinman et al, 2017; Ford et al, 2018). Although the conditions of this “natural experiment” (i.e., tornado and salvage logging) precluded experimental replicability, care was taken to select sites with comparable pre‐disturbance conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data included the density of saplings (i.e., live woody stems >1 m in height and <5 cm diameter at 1.37 m above root collar) and volume of coarse woody debris (i.e., downed deadwood ≥10 cm diameter). Coarse woody debris volume was calculated with conic‐paraboloid and species‐specific allometric equations derived from diameter measurements taken at both ends of logs (i.e., dead stems disconnected from roots) and at 1.37 m from root plate on uprooted stems (i.e., dead stems with uplifted root networks; Ford et al, 2018; Kleinman et al, 2020). Percent slope and aspect were also measured to examine potential effects on ground flora assemblages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ground flora cover, diversity, and life‐history trait representation after wind disturbance, salvage logging, and prescribed fire in a Pinus palustris woodland

Kleinman

Goode

Hart

2020

Applied Vegetation Science

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Question: Salvage logging and prescribed fire are commonly applied in forests worldwide, yet little is known about the combined impacts of these management actions on early-successional ecosystems. We questioned how operational-scale prescribed fire would affect ground flora cover, species diversity, and life-history trait expression in Pinus palustris woodlands differentially impacted by an Enhanced Fujita scale 3 (EF3) tornado and salvage logging. Location: Fall Line Hills, Alabama, USA (32°55ʹ30ʺ N, 87°24ʹ00ʺ W). Methods: The composition and foliar cover of woody and herbaceous plants ≤1 m height were monitored before and after prescribed fire in 600 1-m 2 quadrats distributed throughout mature, wind-disturbed, and salvage-logged Pinus palustris woodlands. Plant taxa were categorized by growth habit and life form to aid interpretation of multivariate analyses used to illustrate differences in ground flora assemblages between disturbance categories. Results: Prescribed fire reduced ground flora cover, but not diversity, which remained greatest in wind-disturbed sites that were not salvage-logged. Though ground flora assemblages remained disparate between disturbance categories, prescribed fire imposed some consistent selective pressures on plants with common life-history strategies. Post-fire understorey tree cover reductions coincided with increased shrub cover throughout the treatment area. Nonetheless, differences in graminoid cover were exaggerated after prescribed fire, and representation of the geophyte life form was relatively constant across space and time. Conclusions: Prescribed fire did not counteract salvage-mediated reductions in ground flora diversity. Retention of downed deadwood maximized early-successional plant diversity in wind-disturbed sites. Trait-based ground flora analyses enabled a more detailed understanding of disturbance effects than aggregate metrics of foliar cover and diversity. In ecosystems with high floristic diversity, grouping plants by common life-history traits can provide a simple and effective means to monitor impacts of management actions on ecosystem recovery.

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Effects of wind disturbance and salvage harvesting on macrofungal communities in a Pinus woodland

Cited by 16 publications

References 52 publications

Soil Fungal Community in Norway Spruce Forests under Bark Beetle Attack

Soil Fungal Community in Norway Spruce Forests under Bark Beetle Attack

Ecological consequences of compound disturbances in forest ecosystems: a systematic review

Ground flora cover, diversity, and life‐history trait representation after wind disturbance, salvage logging, and prescribed fire in a Pinus palustris woodland

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