Effects of wind loads and floating bridge motion on intercity bus lateral stability

Sekulić, Dragan; Vdovin, Alexey; Jacobson, Bengt J H; Sebben, Simone; Johannesen, Stian Moe

doi:10.1016/j.jweia.2021.104589

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The driver model used in the present study was based on the experimental study of Wanner et al 45 This driver model can reproduce a realistic human behaviour for an electric car with a wheel hub motor failure causing a rear wheel to brake heavily, which gives a similar behaviour as running through a crosswind passage. The driver model includes proportional gain parameters on lateral displacement, k y , yaw angle, k c and the preview distance, k l , as given in equation (9). Winkler et al 20 modified the values of the proportional gains in the driver model, that is, k y , k c k l , given in Wanner et al 45 for a bus geometry and verified their use in their crosswind study.…”

Section: Vehicle Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3][4][5] Consequently, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the effects of crosswinds on the dynamics of various types of ground vehicles in recent years. [6][7][8][9][10][11] Crosswinds, which are unsteady on-road turbulent flows, have a wide range of scales. In unsteady aerodynamics, the reduced frequency, k, which is a dimensionless number defined in equation (1), is generally used to characterise the rate of unsteadiness of fluid flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…3–5 Consequently, there has been an increasing interest in understanding the effects of crosswinds on the dynamics of various types of ground vehicles in recent years. 6–11…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-way coupled aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics simulations of a heavy ground vehicle subjected to crosswind of various frequencies

Tunay

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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The present study investigates the dynamic characteristics of a heavy ground vehicle subjected to crosswind with various frequencies using two-way coupled simulations between aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics, including the driver’s steering inputs. Four different reduced frequencies of crosswind, which are equal to 4.2, 2.1, 1.3 and 0.9, are used. The results show that the absolute maximum magnitudes of the vehicle’s lateral dynamic and aerodynamic characteristics increase inversely proportional with the reduced frequencies of crosswinds without the driver’s steering input. However, when the driver’s steering input is included in the vehicle’s response to the crosswind disturbances, the vehicle’s lateral dynamic characteristics increase by the largest amount for reduced frequencies of 1.3 and 2.1. Furthermore, for a reduced frequency of 0.9, the driver’s steering inputs attenuate the unfavourable amplifications in the vehicle’s lateral dynamic characteristics. In the present study, the reasons for the increase in the vehicle’s lateral dynamic characteristics in the cases of reduced frequencies equal or greater than 1.3 with the driver’s steering input are explained. Additionally, the results show that the vehicle is not controlled within the 0.5 m lateral margins of the road when the steering starts with a time delay of 1.0 s for reduced frequencies equal to or lower than 2.1.

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Section: Vehicle Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Two-way coupled aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics simulations of a heavy ground vehicle subjected to crosswind of various frequencies

Tunay

2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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“…Inherently, a multidisciplinary approach is required to comprehensively understand the effects of each characteristic. Thus, the number of studies aimed at elucidating the knowledge of the effects of crosswinds on vehicles has increased in recent years [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. For instance, Tunay [6] investigated the effects of various crosswind frequencies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brandt et al [11] studied the characteristics of a passenger car at high speeds when it is subjected to crosswinds. Sekulic et al [12] conducted a study to investigate the impact of wind loads and the movements of a floating bridge on the lateral stability of a bus in an actual on-road scenario. Moreover, comprehending the sensitivity of heavy ground vehicles to crosswinds has become the subject of many studies in recent years [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Different Drivers’ Steering Inputs on the Response of Heavy Ground Vehicles to Crosswind Disturbances

Tunay,

Drugge,

O’Reilly

2023

Applied Sciences

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The general approach in the previous studies was to ignore the driver’s steering contribution to a vehicle while investigating the interactions between crosswind and vehicle. Therefore, the goal of this study is to find out how steering inputs by drivers affect a heavy-ground vehicle’s dynamic reaction to crosswinds. In the investigation, a two-way interaction between vehicle dynamics and aerodynamic simulations was employed. The steering inputs of drivers were modelled using a driver model taken from the previous literature that is able to reproduce the steering responses of a human driver. The study’s findings demonstrated that the steering inputs made by drivers significantly impacted how the vehicle responded to crosswinds. For instance, the greatest lateral displacement of the least skilled driver (Driver 1) was around 1.53 times the greatest lateral displacement of the most skilled driver (Driver 3) at the delay time of tδ,delay = 0.5 s in the steering input. Additionally, the maximum lateral displacement results of Driver 1 and Driver 3 at tδ,delay = 1.0 s became 1.39 and 1.56 times greater than their maximum lateral displacement results at tδ,delay = 0.5 s. Similarly, the total steering inputs of Driver 1 and Driver 3 at tδ,delay = 1.0 s were 1.4 and 2.2 times greater than their total steering inputs at tδ,delay = 0.5 s, respectively. In general, the results of a driver who is more skilled than Driver 1 (Driver 2) fall in between the respective results of Driver 1 and Driver 3. On the other hand, each driver’s total steering inputs at tδ,delay = 0.5 s were roughly the same as their total steering inputs at tδ,delay = 0 s. In all delay scenarios for the start of the driver’s steering inputs, the drivers’ steering inputs amplified the yaw moment applied to the vehicle. Meanwhile, they diminished the lateral force and roll moment.

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Methods to introduce floating bridge motion and wind excitation on a model for the investigation of heavy vehicle dynamics

Sivaramakrishnan

Prakash

Sekulić

et al. 2023

Applied Mathematical Modelling

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Effects of wind loads and floating bridge motion on intercity bus lateral stability

Cited by 13 publications

References 13 publications

Two-way coupled aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics simulations of a heavy ground vehicle subjected to crosswind of various frequencies

Two-way coupled aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics simulations of a heavy ground vehicle subjected to crosswind of various frequencies

The Effects of Different Drivers’ Steering Inputs on the Response of Heavy Ground Vehicles to Crosswind Disturbances

Methods to introduce floating bridge motion and wind excitation on a model for the investigation of heavy vehicle dynamics

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