Effects of Wind, Temperature, and Barometric Pressure on Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) flight behavior

Martini, Xavier; Rivera, Monique J.; Hoyte, Angelique; Sétamou, Mamoudou; Stelinski, Lukasz L.

doi:10.1093/jee/toy241

Cited by 15 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Studies of the dispersal abilities of individual insects in release and re-capture experiments using D. citri have yielded inconsistent results ranging from distances from 5–12 m [54] up to 300 m [55]. The predominance of downwind movement in wind tunnel assays suggests that migrations over long distance are largely wind-assisted [56,57]. This “opportunistic” mode of dispersal, combined with the restricted distributions of most species of eucalypt, accords with short-range endemism previously described in Australian psyllids species [39,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Led by the Nose: Volatiles from Undamaged Eucalyptus Hosts Do Not Influence Psyllid Orientation

Farnier

Davies

Steinbauer

2018

Insects

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Psyllids (Hemiptera: Psylloidea) are small sucking insects with high host plant specificity. Despite the primitive olfactory system of psyllids, some species have been suggested to rely on host plant volatiles (HPVs) for seasonal migration between summer deciduous hosts and winter coniferous hosts. Similarly, enhanced attraction of psyllid vectors has been observed as a result of the manipulation of host odors by plant pathogens. As yet, there are no studies of olfaction in psyllids that utilize evergreen eucalypt hosts. We investigated the behavioral responses of adults of four Eucalyptus-feeding psyllids—Ctenarytaina eucalypti, C. bipartita, Anoeconeossa bundoorensis and Glycaspis brimblecombei—to their respective HPVs in Y-tube olfactometer bioassays. We also used existing physiological data for C. eucalypti to investigate potential olfactory tuning that may modulate the preference for morphologically juvenile leaves over morphologically adult leaves. Although adult C. eucalypti were consistently repelled by HPVs from damaged host leaves, none of the species exhibited positive chemotaxis to HPVs from undamaged leaves. Surprisingly, G. brimblecombei was repelled by HPVs from undamaged host leaves. Our findings provide little support for a significant role of olfaction in host location by Eucalyptus-feeding psyllids. We propose a number of ecological hypotheses to explain these unexpected findings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not Led by the Nose: Volatiles from Undamaged Eucalyptus Hosts Do Not Influence Psyllid Orientation

Farnier

Davies

Steinbauer

2018

Insects

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“…For pest management purposes, it is critical to identify the environmental conditions favoring or decreasing the dispersion of highly invasive insect pests. Ambient temperature and Insects 2021, 12, 394 2 of 11 relative humidity can directly influence insect flight capacity [3][4][5][6]. However, depending on the insect species, flight activity is more efficient within a specific range of temperatures and humidity [1,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperatures Decrease the Flight Capacity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Antolínez

Moyneur

Martini

et al. 2021

Insects

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Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae), commonly known as Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), is an invasive insect pest and the vector of the bacterium causing Huanglongbing (HLB), a lethal disease of citrus. In the United States, ACP has been established in all citrus-producing zones, all of which have different environmental conditions. The spread of ACP and, more importantly, HLB, has progressed differently depending on the state, with more rapid spread in Florida and Texas than in California. Climatic variations between the regions are likely a strong factor in the difference in the rate of spread. Despite this, it is unknown how the flight capacity of D. citri is influenced by high temperatures (>30 °C) and subsequently, low humidity experienced in California but not in Texas or Florida. In this study, by using a custom-made, temperature-controlled flight mill arena, we assessed the effect of high temperatures on the flight capacity and flight propensity of D. citri under low (20–40%) and high (76–90%) relative humidity conditions. We found that temperature and humidity influence the propensity to engage in short or long-distance flight events. Psyllids exposed to temperatures above 43 °C only performed short flights (˂60 s), and a high relative humidity significantly decrease the proportion of long flights (≥60 s) at 26 and 40 °C. The flight capacity for insects who engaged in short and long flights was significantly affected by temperature but not by humidity. For long flyers, temperature (in the 26–43 °C range) was negatively correlated with distance flown and flight duration. The most favorable temperature for long dispersion was 26 °C, with suboptimal temperatures in the range of 32–37 °C and the least favorable temperatures at 40 and 43 °C. In conclusion, D. citri is able to fly in a broad range of temperatures and efficiently fly in high and low humidity. However, temperatures above 40 °C, similar to those experienced in semi-arid environments like Southern California or Arizona, are detrimental for its flight capacity.

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“…Insects are the only ectothermic animals to have evolved powered flight. Body temperature thresholds for insect flight initiation vary among populations and species, but are relatively high and typically above 30°C (Advani, Parmesan, & Singer, 2019;De Araujo, Karsten, & Terblanche, 2019;Heinrich & Casey, 1973;Keena, 2018;Kingsolver & Watt, 1983;Martini, Rivera, Hoyte, Setamou, & Stelinski, 2018;Neve & Hall, 2016;Watt, 1968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nocturnal dispersal flight of crickets: Behavioural and physiological responses to cool environmental temperatures

et al. 2020

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Flight of nocturnal insects may be limited by cool nighttime environmental temperatures. We used laboratory and field experiments to explore the thermal basis of nocturnal flight in wing‐polymorphic Gryllus lineaticeps crickets consisting of long‐winged (LW), flight‐capable morphs and short‐winged (SW), flight‐incapable morphs. These crickets are a model for life history evolution and loss of flight, but their thermal requirements for flight have been unknown. We hypothesized that LW crickets achieve warm body temperatures required for flight through a combination of behavioural thermoregulation, producing heat endogenously (either by initiating muscular thermogenesis or increasing resting metabolic rate) and minimizing heat loss (by circulatory adjustments or insulation). Summer evening air temperatures in the field gradually declined from 25 to 18°C during the hours of nighttime cricket activity. Laboratory LW crickets did not fly at a body temperature of 18°C, and 60% flew at 25°C. In an experimental thermal gradient, spontaneous flight did not occur until body temperature exceeded 35°C, confirming that nocturnal field air temperature limits flight in this species. In a thermal gradient, LW crickets preferred higher temperatures (~36°C) than SW crickets (~32.5°C). In the field, all crickets were warmer than air temperature but considerably cooler than their preferred temperatures. LW crickets had higher field body temperatures (24.3°C) than SW crickets (22.3°C). LW crickets spontaneously initiated muscular thermogenesis through wing vibrations, increasing body temperature to a pre‐flight maximum of 35°C. Muscular thermogenesis was limited below 25°C. LW crickets cooled more slowly and had higher metabolic rates than SW crickets. We conclude that LW crickets prepare to fly on cool nights by gaining heat from warm substrates, activating endogenous muscular thermogenesis and reducing their cooling rate. These mechanisms are absent or less pronounced in SW crickets. The overall thermoregulatory strategy we report represents a previously unrecognized component of insect dispersal polymorphism. We suggest that thermal constraints on nocturnal flight may have contributed to evolutionary loss of flight in other insect groups. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.

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Effects of Wind, Temperature, and Barometric Pressure on Asian Citrus Psyllid (Hemiptera: Liviidae) flight behavior

Cited by 15 publications

References 36 publications

Not Led by the Nose: Volatiles from Undamaged Eucalyptus Hosts Do Not Influence Psyllid Orientation

Not Led by the Nose: Volatiles from Undamaged Eucalyptus Hosts Do Not Influence Psyllid Orientation

High Temperatures Decrease the Flight Capacity of Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Liviidae)

Nocturnal dispersal flight of crickets: Behavioural and physiological responses to cool environmental temperatures

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