Effects of winter irrigation on soil salinity and jujube growth in arid regions

Liu, Zhipeng; Jiao, Xiyun; Lu, Shenghan; Zhu, Chengli; Zhai, Yaming; Guo, Weihua

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0218622

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 26 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most important causes of soil salinization are (1) the use of unsuitable irrigation water containing high salt concertation, (2) a high rate of soil transpiration, especially in the semi-arid and arid areas of the world, and (3) soil physicochemical and biological properties (Munns & Gilliham 2015;Zeng et al 2016). The accumulation of salt in the soil negatively affects plant growth and physiology by (1) increasing soil and plant osmotic potential, and subsequent decrease of water efficiency for plant use and (2) the toxic effects of ions such as sodium (Naþ) and chloride (Cl-) (Upadhyay & Singh 2015;Liu et al 2019).…”

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination of saline fields by soil leaching in the Karkhehnur Watershed, Iran

Behruzi

Najafi

Chavoshi

et al. 2022

Water Practice and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Since large parts of agricultural fields are saline or subjected to salinity stress, practical and efficient methods may be used for recycling fields, worldwide. The effects of the type and amount of soil leaching on the quality of saline fields, in different parts of the world have yet to be investigated. The objectives were to investigate: (1) the optimum depth of water required to decrease soil salinity of saline fields to the levels, suitable for crop production in the Karkhehnur Watershed, Khuzestan province, Iran, and (2) the most suitable method of soil surface leaching. Four different regions were selected for the experiment, and a wide range of soil-related parameters as well as water properties was determined. Soil leaching was conducted by surface continuous irrigation (three regions), and surface alternative irrigation (one region). The depths of soil leaching were equal to 0–25, 25–50, 50–75, 75–100, 100–125, and 125–150 cm. The class of salinity was changed to S2 (EC = 24 dS/m) from an initial class of S4 (EC = 87 dS/m) using a water depth of 25–125 cm in different experimental regions. If soil is highly saline, continuous irrigation may be a more effective method, however, under less stressful conditions, alternative irrigation can also be recommendable.

show abstract

Section: Graphical Abstract Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination of saline fields by soil leaching in the Karkhehnur Watershed, Iran

Behruzi

Najafi

Chavoshi

et al. 2022

Water Practice and Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Yang et al [17] demonstrated that, as the winter irrigation rate increased, the soil salt leaching effect was enhanced, but irrigation water-use efficiency was reduced, with the optimal winter irrigation rates on cotton fields in southern Xinjiang being 1800-3600 m 3 •hm −2 . Liu et al [18] applied winter irrigation to jujube (Ziziphus jujube) plantations in southern Xinjiang and reported that drip irrigation in winter at a rate of 3150 m 3 •hm −2 could significantly increase soil water content and salt leaching, increase the survival rate of the jujube trees the following year, and promote their growth and development. The above studies showed that winter irrigation can increase soil water storage, inhibit soil temperature change, reduce soil surface salt content, promote soil microbial activities, indirectly change soil physical and chemical properties, and further affect crop growth in the next year.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Winter Irrigation Effects on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity, and on Cotton Growth in Salinized Fields in Northern Xinjiang, China

Liu

et al. 2020

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Winter irrigation affected the movement of soil moisture, temperature, and salt, which was an effective improvement measure widely used in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. In this paper, we investigated the effects of different salinized cotton fields (mild salinization (S1), 5.15 g·kg−1; moderate salinization (S2), 8.17 g·kg−1; severe salinization (S3), 11.15 g·kg−1) and different winter irrigation rates (W0, 0 m3·hm-2; W1, 3000 m3·hm-2; W2, 3600 m3·hm-2; W3, 4200 m3·hm-2) on soil moisture, temperature, salinity, and cotton growth in seasonal freeze–thaw areas. The results showed that the winter irrigation affected the temporal and spatial dynamics of soil moisture, temperature, and salinity, and the winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization were significantly correlated with soil moisture, temperature, and salinity (p < 0.01). Winter irrigation stabilized the soil temperature and reduced the freeze–thaw index of the soil. The heat conservation effect of winter irrigation increased with increasing winter irrigation rate and salinization degree, with the greatest effect on the freezing index of S2 and on the thawing index of S3. The soil water content and total salt concentration before spring tillage were significantly correlated with winter irrigation rate and degree of soil salinization (p < 0.05), and when the winter irrigation quota of different salinized cotton fields was greater than 3600 m3·hm-2, the moisture content of soil layer 0–100cm increased by more than 20%, and the desalination reached over 40%, compared with the values before winter irrigation. Winter irrigation improved the emergence rate and yield of cotton, with the soil salinization degree being significantly negatively correlated and winter irrigation rate significantly positively correlated with the emergence rate and yield of cotton fields in the following year (p < 0.01). Compared with the control treatment without winter irrigation, the average increases in cotton yield were W3 (53.32%) > W2 (45.00%) > W1 (29.36%). There was no significant difference in seedling emergence rate or yield between slightly and moderately salinized cotton fields under high winter irrigation rates (W2 and W3) (p > 0.05), although the seedling emergence rate and yield of severely salinized cotton fields increased significantly with increasing winter irrigation rate. In conclusion, winter irrigation proved to be a valuable treatment for severely salinized cotton fields, and the results of this study allowed us to determine the optimal winter irrigation rate for saline alkali cotton fields.

show abstract

“…The salt loading rates through irrigation are proportional to amount of water applied and their chemistry. Flood irrigation is widely used along the Rio Grande valley and other regions where fields inundate with water without any infrastructure 65 , 66 . The evaporative water loss during the irrigation season is problematic for freshwater-limited drylands.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dryland irrigation increases accumulation rates of pedogenic carbonate and releases soil abiotic CO2

Ortiz

Ogrinc

Kaye

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Agricultural fields in drylands are challenged globally by limited freshwater resources for irrigation and also by elevated soil salinity and sodicity. It is well known that pedogenic carbonate is less soluble than evaporate salts and commonly forms in natural drylands. However, few studies have evaluated how irrigation loads dissolved calcium and bicarbonate to agricultural fields, accelerating formation rates of secondary calcite and simultaneously releasing abiotic CO2 to the atmosphere. This study reports one of the first geochemical and isotopic studies of such “anthropogenic” pedogenic carbonates and CO2 from irrigated drylands of southwestern United States. A pecan orchard and an alfalfa field, where flood-irrigation using the Rio Grande river is a common practice, were compared to a nearby natural dryland site. Strontium and carbon isotope ratios show that bulk pedogenic carbonates in irrigated soils at the pecan orchard primarily formed due to flood-irrigation, and that approximately 20–50% of soil CO2 in these irrigated soils is calcite-derived abiotic CO2 instead of soil-respired or atmospheric origins. Multiple variables that control the salt buildup in this region are identified and impact the crop production and soil sustainability regionally and globally. Irrigation intensity and water chemistry (irrigation water quantity and quality) dictate salt loading, and soil texture governs water infiltration and salt leaching. In the study area, agricultural soils have accumulated up to 10 wt% of calcite after just about 100 years of cultivation. These rates will likely increase in the future due to the combined effects of climate variability (reduced rainfall and more intense evaporation), use of more brackish groundwater for irrigation, and reduced porosity in soils. The enhanced accumulation rates of pedogenic carbonate are accompanied by release of large amounts of abiotic CO2 from irrigated drylands to atmosphere. Extensive field studies and modelling approaches are needed to further quantify these effluxes at local, regional and global scales.

show abstract

Effects of winter irrigation on soil salinity and jujube growth in arid regions

Cited by 15 publications

References 26 publications

Desalination of saline fields by soil leaching in the Karkhehnur Watershed, Iran

Desalination of saline fields by soil leaching in the Karkhehnur Watershed, Iran

Winter Irrigation Effects on Soil Moisture, Temperature and Salinity, and on Cotton Growth in Salinized Fields in Northern Xinjiang, China

Dryland irrigation increases accumulation rates of pedogenic carbonate and releases soil abiotic CO2

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About