Effects of wood-based renewable diesel fuel blends on the performance and emissions of a non-road diesel engine

The effect of rosin acid on hydrodeoxygenation of fatty acid

“…Essentially, most vegetable oils are edible, therefore, using them as a feedstock for fuel production cannot be justified due to possible negative impacts on food production and land use [2,12] . Tall oil, a byproduct from the pulp and paper industry, has been recognized as a suitable feedstock for biodiesel production [13,14] . Tall oil is a nonedible bio-oil source, derived from renewable woody biomass that is typically cultivated on non-arable land.…”

“…Tall oil is a nonedible bio-oil source, derived from renewable woody biomass that is typically cultivated on non-arable land. Also, in countries with a high capacity for Kraft pulping such as Sweden, Finland, United States and China, tall oil can be produced in large quantities on a cost competitive basis compared to other bio-oil sources like vegetable oil [13][14][15][16][17] . Crude tall oil (CTO) typically contains 50-60 wt% fatty acids, 20-35 wt% rosin acids and 7-24 wt% unsaponifiables (neutral) compounds [13,18] .…”

Combustion Studies of a Non-Road Diesel Engine with Several Alternative Liquid Fuels

“…Combustion systems need to be able to operate with a variety of renewable and sustainable fuels and yet also meet increasingly stringent emission legislation. Expanding fuel choice calls for a clearer focus diversification, quality, and usability of any new fuel [5]. Alternative fuels can reduce diesel engine emissions and several beneficial results have already been obtained in practice [6].…”

“…The distinguishing features of diesel combustion are spontaneous ignition (resulting from the high air temperature and pressure in the cylinder when injection commences) and the fact that fuel-air HVO offers some advantages compared to FAME (e.g., RME), including a higher cetane number (CN), better storage stability and fewer problems with cold operability and deposits [8]. HVO's properties correspond to those of traditional fossil fuels but a significant reduction of up to 80% in greenhouse gaseous emissions is achieved [5]. Furthermore, crude tall oil-based (CTO) fuels do not compete with the food chain and there is no direct land-use change [5].…”

“…HVO's properties correspond to those of traditional fossil fuels but a significant reduction of up to 80% in greenhouse gaseous emissions is achieved [5]. Furthermore, crude tall oil-based (CTO) fuels do not compete with the food chain and there is no direct land-use change [5]. A Finnish forestry company manufactured the CTO renewable diesel used in the study.…”