Effects of wood resource size and decomposition on hyphal outgrowth of a cord-forming basidiomycete, Phanerochaete velutina

Fukasawa, Yu; Kaga, Koji

doi:10.1038/s41598-020-79058-8

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This was observed by the amount of decay in woodblocks that was completely covered by the fungus versus the ones that were not totally covered (Figures 8 and 9). A similar situation has been observed with another cord-forming basidiomycete, Phanerochaete velutina, where most decay was observed on substrates, with most hyphal colonization on smaller pieces of wood [67]. We were also able to observe decay rates between different microcosms.…”

Section: Wood-decay Studysupporting

confidence: 85%

New Findings on the Biology and Ecology of the Ecuadorian Amazon Fungus Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis

Toapanta-Alban

Ordoñez

Blanchette

2022

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Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis is a prolific wood-decay fungus inhabiting the forest floor of one of the most biodiverse places on earth, the Yasuní National Park in Ecuador. Basidiocarps and aerial rhizomorphs are commonly found growing on woody debris distributed along the floor of this forest ecosystem. Because of the extraordinary abundance of this fungus in the tropical rainforest, we carried out investigations to better understand the biological and ecological aspects contributing to its prolific distribution. Data on growth inhibition in paired competition studies with sixteen fungal isolates exemplifies defense mechanisms used to defend its territory, including pseudosclerotial plates and the development of a melanized rhizomorphic mat. Results of biomass loss on eleven types of tropical wood in microcosm experiments demonstrated the broad decay capacity of the fungus. In and ex situ observations provided information on how long rhizomorphs can prevail in highly competitive ecosystems as well as stressful conditions in the laboratory. Finally, high concentrations of metal ions occur on rhizomorphs as compared to colonized wood. Sequestration of metal ions from the environment by the melanized rhizomorphs may offer protection against competitors. The development of melanized rhizomorphs is key to find and colonize new substrates and resist changing environmental conditions.

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Section: Wood-decay Studysupporting

confidence: 85%

New Findings on the Biology and Ecology of the Ecuadorian Amazon Fungus Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis

Toapanta-Alban

Ordoñez

Blanchette

2022

JoF

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“…These results suggest that the mycelia of P. brunnescens and P. velutina may recognize the percentage of the resources remaining in the original inoculum and change their behavior to abandon the inoculum wood block in favor of new bait. This is in line with our previous observations of the mycelium of P. velutina, which showed that the intensity of hyphal outgrowth onto the soil from inoculum wood blocks depended on the percentage weight loss of the inoculum [22], and that the occurrence of migration depended on the amount of the new resources the mycelia encountered [21].…”

Section: Effects Of Bait Addition Timing On the Mycelial Decision To Migratesupporting

confidence: 92%

“…The mechanisms determining the timing of transport phase changes are not known [ 34 , 43 ]. As discussed in the above section, a possible factor determining such long-term growth dynamics is the amount of resources a mycelium holds within its hyphal body or in the wood material that it occupies [ 22 ]. Currently, however, there is insufficient fungal evidence to answer this question.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of the recent major findings in mycelial behavioral studies is that a mycelium can make a decision in response to environmental conditions [ 21 , 22 ]. When a wood block colonized by the cord-forming basidiomycete Phanerochaete velutina is placed as an inoculum on the surface of compressed unsterilized soil, the mycelium makes decisions on when, and with how much, intensity grows out from the inoculum onto the soil to search for new resources, based on information gathered from the remaining inoculum mass [ 22 ]. If a newly encountered resource (bait) is sufficiently large compared to the inoculum, the mycelium then makes decisions on whether to abandon the original inoculum in favor of the new one (i.e., through migration [ 21 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Timing of Resource Addition Affects the Migration Behavior of Wood Decomposer Fungal Mycelia

Fukasawa

Kaga

2021

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Studies of fungal behavior are essential for a better understanding of fungal-driven ecological processes. Here, we evaluated the effects of timing of resource (bait) addition on the behavior of fungal mycelia when it remains in the inoculum and when it migrates from it towards a bait, using cord-forming basidiomycetes. Experiments allowed mycelium to grow from an inoculum wood across the surface of a soil microcosm, where it encountered a new wood bait 14 or 98 d after the start of growth. After the 42-d colonization of the bait, inoculum and bait were individually moved to a dish containing fresh soil to determine whether the mycelia were able to grow out. When the inoculum and bait of mycelia baited after 14 d were transferred to new soil, there was 100% regrowth from both inoculum and bait in Pholiota brunnescens and Phanerochaete velutina, indicating that no migration occurred. However, when mycelium was baited after 98 d, 3 and 4 out of 10 replicates of P. brunnescens and P. velutina, respectively, regrew only from bait and not from inoculum, indicating migration. These results suggest that prolonged periods without new resources alter the behavior of mycelium, probably due to the exhaustion of resources.

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“…The weight loss (%) data were used to create a regression line between weight loss (%) and hyphal coverage (cm 2 ) on the soil, which was measured as described later. Given the linear correlation between wood weight loss and hyphal coverage on soil ( Fukasawa and Kaga, 2020 ), this regression line was used to estimate the weight loss (%) of the 40 inocula used for the further incubation experiment at the end of the pre-incubation period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foraging strategies of fungal mycelial networks: responses to quantity and distance of new resources

Fukasawa,

Ishii

2023

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

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Fungal mycelial networks are essential for translocating and storing water, nutrients, and carbon in forest ecosystems. In particular, wood decay fungi form mycelial networks that connect various woody debris on the forest floor. Understanding their foraging strategies is crucial for complehending the role of mycelium in carbon and nutrient cycling in forests. Previous studies have shown that mycelial networks initiate migration from the original woody resource (inoculum) to a new woody resource (bait) if the latter is sufficiently large but not if it is small. However, the impact of energetic costs during foraging, such as the distance to the bait, has not been considered. In the present study, we conducted full-factorial experiments with two factors, bait size (4 and 8 cm3) and distance from the inoculum (1 and 15 cm). An inoculum wood block, colonized by the wood decay fungus Phanerochaete velutina, was placed in one corner of a bioassay dish (24 cm × 24 cm) filled with unsterilized soil. Once the mycelium grew onto the soil to a distance >15 cm from the inoculum, a sterilized new bait wood block (of either size) was placed on the soil at one of the two distances to be colonized by the mycelia from the inoculum. After 50 days of incubation, the baits were harvested, and their dried weight was measured to calculate the absolute weight loss during incubation. The inoculum wood blocks were retrieved and placed on a new soil dish to determine whether the mycelium would grow out onto the soil again. If no growth occurred within 8 days of additional incubation, we concluded that the mycelium had migrated from the inoculum to the bait. The results showed that mycelia in inocula coupled with baits positioned 1 cm away migrated to the baits more frequently than those with baits positioned 15 cm away. A structural equation model revealed that bait weight loss (energy gain) and hyphal coverage on the soil (foraging cost) significantly influenced mycelial migration decisions. These findings suggest that fungal mycelia may employ their own foraging strategies based on energetic benefits.

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Effects of wood resource size and decomposition on hyphal outgrowth of a cord-forming basidiomycete, Phanerochaete velutina

Cited by 5 publications

References 29 publications

New Findings on the Biology and Ecology of the Ecuadorian Amazon Fungus Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis

New Findings on the Biology and Ecology of the Ecuadorian Amazon Fungus Polyporus leprieurii var. yasuniensis

Timing of Resource Addition Affects the Migration Behavior of Wood Decomposer Fungal Mycelia

Foraging strategies of fungal mycelial networks: responses to quantity and distance of new resources

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