Effects of working, heat treatment, and aging on microstructural evolution and crystallographic texture of α, α′, α″ and β phases in Ti–6Al–4V wire

Zeng, Lingqiu; Bieler, T. R.

doi:10.1016/j.msea.2004.09.072

Cited by 205 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Additionally, the results obtained from the XRD patterns shown in Figure 5 revealed peak shifting phenomenon in the EBM-built 1 mm sample as compared to the 20 mm and the as-cast Ti64 sample. This peak shifting phenomenon is in line with the studies by Zeng et al [23] that suggest the presence of α martensite. The appearance of α phase in 0.5 mm and 1 mm was also confirmed by TEM observation [5,18].…”

Section: Mechanical Properties Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts: A Comparison Study against As-Cast Form

Toh

Wang

Tan

et al. 2016

Metals

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Ti-6Al-4V (Ti64) parts of varying thicknesses were additively manufactured (AM) by the powder-bed-based electron beam melting (EBM) technique. Microstructure and wear properties of these EBM-built Ti-6Al-4V parts have been investigated in comparison with conventionally cast Ti64 samples. Sliding wear tests were conducted using a ball-on-disc micro-tribometer under ambient conditions. Experimental results reveal that EBM-built Ti64 samples exhibited higher microhardness and an overall larger coefficient of friction as compared to the as-cast counterpart. Of interest is that the corresponding specific wear volumes were lower for EBM-built Ti64 samples, while the as-cast Ti64 showed the poorest wear resistance despite its lower coefficient of friction. Wear mechanisms were provided in terms of quantitative microstructural characterization and detailed analysis on coefficient of friction (COF) curves.

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Section: Mechanical Properties Evaluationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts: A Comparison Study against As-Cast Form

Toh

Wang

Tan

et al. 2016

Metals

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“…Cross sectional TEM analysis showed that the subsurface microstructure was consistent with the formation of martensitic laths within 2μm of the surface [27--29]. The α' phase is similar in its hcp structure and lattice parameter to the original α phase, however, the reduction in intensity and broadening of the XRD peaks around 38--40˚ in Figure 6 also point as evidence to the presence of the martensite phase and are consistent with results shown by Zhang et al [22,23,30].…”

Section: 3supporting

confidence: 85%

The effect of large-area pulsed electron beam melting on the corrosion and microstructure of a Ti6Al4V alloy

Walker

Murray

Nie

et al. 2014

Applied Surface Science

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The use of titanium alloys in biomedical applications continues to increase due to the excellent stiffness to weight ratio and high corrosion resistance. In order to improve the surface wettability and corrosion properties of a Ti--6Al--4V alloy, the surface treatment method, large area electron beam melting technique was investigated. Polished samples were subject to pulsed treatments of 1, 15 and 25 at 1.38 J/cm 2 beam energy. Surface roughness and contact wetting angles were reduced as a result of the treatment. Microstructural analysis of the surface by XRD and FIB--TEM revealed a martensitic alpha prime phase formed as a result of the high cooling rates induced by the treatment. The presence of this homogenous martensite layer was shown to facilitate a compact passive oxide layer formation during corrosion, thus improving corrosion rates by several orders of magnitude compared to an untreated sample. Large area electron beam melting of Ti--6Al--4V induced a number of changes to the near surface microstructure of the samples, all of which could be used to tailor mechanical and corrosion properties to that of a desired application, without compromising the bulk material properties. These are explored in detail in this work.

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“…This texture was quite similar to that resulting from hot rolling of Ti-6Al-4V alloy rods. 40,41) During thephase field extrusion, it is expected that the phase will preferentially align with the {110} family of planes parallel to the extrusion direction as the phase has 12 slip systems associated with {110} family of planes. The {110} planes are located either 0, 60, or 90 degrees apart in the cubic system.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This has also been observed in previous studies of a Ti-6Al-4V alloy. 40,41) Based on the orientation relationship and the symmetries of the cubic and hexagonal structures, a total of 12 crystallographically distinct variants Fig. 6) suggested that the basal plane was predominately oriented perpendicular to the extrusion axis for each castthen-extruded alloy.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Elevated-Temperature Creep Behavior of Boron-Modified Ti-6Al-4V Alloys

Boehlert

Chen

2009

Mater. Trans.

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This work investigated the effect of nominal boron (B) additions of 0.1 mass% and 1 mass% on the elevated-temperature (673-728 K) tensile-creep deformation behavior of a Ti-6Al-4V(mass%) alloy for applied stresses between 400-600 MPa. The alloys were evaluated in the as-cast and cast-then-extruded conditions. Boron additions resulted in a dramatic refinement of the as-cast grain size and TiB whisker volume percents of approximately 0.6 and 6.0 for the Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B and Ti-6Al-4V-1B alloys, respectively. The extrusions were performed in thephase field and resulted in the TiB-phase whiskers aligning in the extrusion direction. The creep resistance of the as-cast alloys significantly improved with increased B concentration, where around an order of magnitude decrease in the secondary creep rate was observed between the Ti-6Al-4V-1B and Ti-6Al-4V as-cast alloys. Grain refinement due to the B addition did not deleteriously affect the creep resistance in the temperature and stress ranges considered, where dislocation creep was suggested to be the dominant secondary-creep mechanism. The enhanced creep resistance was attributed to load sharing by the TiB whiskers. For the same nominal B contents, the cast-then-extruded alloys exhibited significantly greater creep resistance and tensile strength than the as-cast alloys. This was explained to be an effect of the -phase texture and the decreased lath spacing in the cast-then-extruded alloys compared with the as-cast alloys. The cast-then-extruded alloys exhibited four times lower lath widths than the as-cast alloys, and the -phase was strongly textured such that the basal plane was predominately oriented perpendicular to the extrusion axis. Comparing the cast-then-extruded alloys, the Ti-6Al-4V alloy exhibited the greatest creep resistance. Overall the -phase consisted of approximately 80% of the microstructure, and the -phase texture appeared to be more dominant to the creep resistance and tensile strength than the small volume percent of TiB-phase in the microstructure. Although B is not necessary to optimize the elevated-temperature creep performance of the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, when boron was present, greater boron additions increased the creep resistance. In-situ creep observations of the surface indicated that the TiB whisker cracking occurred prior to slip and void formation in the þ phases. This was followed by = interface cracking and ductile failure of the þ microstructure.

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Effects of working, heat treatment, and aging on microstructural evolution and crystallographic texture of α, α′, α″ and β phases in Ti–6Al–4V wire

Cited by 205 publications

References 23 publications

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts: A Comparison Study against As-Cast Form

Microstructure and Wear Properties of Electron Beam Melted Ti-6Al-4V Parts: A Comparison Study against As-Cast Form

The effect of large-area pulsed electron beam melting on the corrosion and microstructure of a Ti6Al4V alloy

The Elevated-Temperature Creep Behavior of Boron-Modified Ti-6Al-4V Alloys

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